Collaborative Research: NNA Track 1: Central North Atlantic Marine Historical Ecology Project

导航新北极（NNA）是美国国家科学基金会的十大构想之一。NNA项目解决快速变化的北极地区的融合科学挑战。北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和全球的经济、安全和复原力提供信息。NNA支持从地方到国际规模的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，加强正式和非正式教育的努力，并在适当情况下整合知识的共同生产。该奖项通过解决以下NNA重点领域的社会系统与自然环境之间的相互作用，实现了这一目标的一部分：北极居民、数据和观测、全球影响和弹性基础设施。大西洋鳕鱼是整个大西洋世界沿海和内陆社区的重要资源，至少已有1000年的历史。这种不起眼的鱼类在喂养社区、发展市场和促进贸易方面发挥了重要作用，并且仍然是一个至关重要的物种。有关现有鳕鱼种群的管理决策是基于科学家对“正常”或“自然”鳕鱼种群基线的看法。鳕鱼的“基线”主要基于过去100-150年的数据，包括鳕鱼种群的数量、鱼的大小、年龄等。除此之外，还有关于这些鱼如何应对不断变化的人类和环境条件的想法。海洋生物学、考古学和历史学的各种技术现在使我们能够跟踪变化的海洋生态条件以及过去一千年的相对人口规模。通过对过去一千年的鳕鱼数量进行更深入的记录，该项目提供了重要的数据，这些数据将提高人们对鳕鱼渔业对过去气候、政治和经济变化的反应的理解，以及冰岛渔业社区今天如何适应并保持弹性，因为大西洋水域变暖以及新的政治和经济驱动因素使渔业发生了变化。该项目独特地涉及自然环境与社会系统之间的国际和跨学科研究，包括考古学、生态学、历史学、渔业和海洋学。从该项目中获得的知识有利于我们的规划策略，以应对环境变化对美国渔业和依赖渔业的人们的影响。新的跨学科方法也为教育大学生提供了新的机会。该项目将使用鳕鱼和其他沿海物种的骨头，这些骨头是过去30年来从冰岛和法罗群岛的考古遗址中挖掘出来的。这些遗址从9世纪到19世纪都有人居住。这些骨头将成为各种生化分析的主题，使我们能够追踪过去一千年的人口规模、体长和摄食变化。这些分析将与考古和历史方法相结合，建立一个新的、更深入的上帝、人类和环境之间关系的记录，这将成为管理这种关系的重要工具，在现在和将来。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, enhances efforts in formal and informal education, and integrates the co-production of knowledge where appropriate. This award fulfills part of that aim by addressing interactions between social systems and natural environment in the following NNA focus areas: Arctic residents, Data and Observation, Global Impact, and Resilient Infrastructure. Atlantic cod has been an important resource for coastal and inland communities throughout the Atlantic world for at least 1000 years. This humble fish played an important role in feeding communities, developing markets, and facilitating trade and continues to be a vitally important species. Management decisions made about existing cod populations are based on scientist’s ideas of what a baseline ‘normal’ or ‘natural’ cod population is. This ‘baseline’ for cod is mostly based on data from the last 100-150 years, including how large cod populations have been, how large the fish have been, how old, etc. On top of this are ideas of how these fish respond to changing human and environmental conditions. A variety of techniques from marine biology, archaeology, and history now allow us to track changing marine ecological conditions as well as relative population size over the last millennium. By creating a deeper record of cod populations over the last millennium, this project contributes vital data that will improve understanding of the cod fisheries as they reacted to climate, political and economic change in the past and how the Icelandic fishing communities of today can adapt and remain resilient as the fishery changes with warming Atlantic waters and new political and economic drivers. The project uniquely involves international and transdisciplinary research between the natural environment and social systems including archaeology, ecology, history, fisheries and oceanography. The knowledge gained from the project is beneficial to our planning strategy to deal with impacts of environmental change on American fisheries and the people who depend on them. The new interdisciplinary methodology also provides novel opportunities for educating university students. The project will use bones from cod as well as other coastal species that have been excavated from archaeological sites in Iceland and the Faroes over the last 30 years. These sites were lived in from the 9th to the 19th centuries. These bones will be the subject of a variety of biochemical analyses that allow us to track population size, body length, and feeding changes over the last millennia. These analyses will be combined with archaeological and historical methods to build a new and deeper record of the relationship between cod, humans, and the environment that will serve as an important tool in managing this relationship in the present and future.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.