Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures

原子压物质中心

• 批准号: 2020249
• 负责人: Gilbert Collins
• 金额: $ 1296.8万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-15 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2020249&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Center; Matter; Atomic; Pressures

The Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP) is a new NSF Physics Frontiers Center that explores matter at pressures strong enough to change the nature of atoms themselves. Such conditions have not been explored or exploited on Earth, yet they dominate the interiors of planets and stars. To date, thousands of planets have been discovered, providing numerous possible platforms for life throughout the universe. To understand the origin, evolution, and nature of these planets, one has to understand properties of high energy density matter at and beyond atomic pressures. CMAP will use powerful lasers, pulsed-power, and x-ray beam facilities to recreate and characterize matter under the extreme conditions of the deep interiors of planets and stars. CMAP brings together a diverse team, spanning disciplines from plasma physics, condensed matter, and atomic physics to astrophysics and planetary science, to address gaps that limit our understanding of most of the atomic and chemical constituents of the Universe. CMAP aims to develop a new discipline of physics at extreme pressures, combined with the most advanced laboratory and theoretical capabilities available, to train tomorrow’s science leaders. CMAP’s research, education and outreach programs aim to bring a new understanding of the universe to the public and inspire and engage a new generation of scientists of all ages and backgrounds. The NSF Physics Frontiers Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures will exploit a new generation of laboratory capabilities -- kilo-joule to Mega-Joule lasers, tens of Mega-Amp pulsed power, and advanced x-ray facilities -- and first-principles theory to explore the properties of matter under the high energy density conditions that exist in the deep interiors of planets and stars. CMAP will explore the nature and astrophysical implications of matter extending to and beyond the atomic unit of pressure, the pressure determined by the Hartree energy and Bohr radius, conditions that disrupt the electronic-shell structure of atoms, engage core electrons in bonding, and unlock a regime in which electron and ion quantum correlations can grow to macroscopic scales at high temperatures. Atomic pressure is a fundamental physical unit that remains unexplored. CMAP will bring together experts in plasma, atomic, and condensed matter physics leading to new discoveries and breakthroughs in physics. To do so, the CMAP team has a particular focus on excellence through diversity, and on convergence of research, education, and broad outreach efforts.This Physics Frontiers Centers award is co-funded by the Division of Physics in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences and the Division of Earth Sciences in the Directorate for Geosciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

原子压力下的物质中心（CMAP）是一个新的NSF物理前沿中心，它探索压力足以改变原子本身性质的物质。这样的条件在地球上还没有被探索或利用，但它们主宰着行星和恒星的内部。到目前为止，已经发现了成千上万的行星，为宇宙中的生命提供了无数可能的平台。要了解这些行星的起源、演化和本质，就必须了解在原子压力下或原子压力之外的高能量密度物质的特性。CMAP将使用强大的激光，脉冲功率和x射线束设备来重建和表征行星和恒星深处极端条件下的物质。CMAP汇集了一个多元化的团队，从等离子体物理学、凝聚态物质、原子物理学到天体物理学和行星科学，以解决限制我们对宇宙大多数原子和化学成分理解的空白。CMAP的目标是在极端压力下发展一门新的物理学学科，结合最先进的实验室和理论能力，培养未来的科学领袖。CMAP的研究、教育和推广项目旨在为公众带来对宇宙的新认识，并激励和吸引所有年龄和背景的新一代科学家。美国国家科学基金会原子压力物质物理前沿中心将利用新一代实验室能力——千焦耳到兆焦耳激光器、数十兆安培脉冲功率和先进的x射线设备——以及第一性原理理论，探索存在于行星和恒星深处的高能量密度条件下的物质特性。CMAP将探索物质延伸到或超越原子压力单位的本质和天体物理学意义，由哈特里能量和玻尔半径决定的压力，破坏原子的电子壳层结构的条件，使核心电子参与键合，并解锁一种制度，在这种制度下，电子和离子的量子相关性可以在高温下增长到宏观尺度。原子压力是一个尚未被探索的基本物理单位。CMAP将汇集等离子体、原子和凝聚态物理方面的专家，引领物理学的新发现和突破。为此，CMAP团队特别注重通过多样性实现卓越，并注重研究、教育和广泛推广工作的融合。这个物理前沿中心奖是由数学和物理科学理事会物理部和地球科学理事会地球科学部共同资助的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Persistent mysteries of jet engines, formation, propagation, and particle acceleration: Have they been addressed experimentally?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2022.101661
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: New Astronomy Reviews
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: E. Blackman;S. Lebedev

Specific Heat of Electron Plasma Waves

电子等离子体波的比热

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.225101
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Rygg, J. R.;Celliers, P. M.;Collins, G. W.
• 通讯作者: Collins, G. W.

Morphology of shocked lateral outflows in colliding hydrodynamic flows

碰撞水动力流中冲击横向流出的形态

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0095166
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Markwick, R. N.;Frank, A.;Carroll-Nellenback, J.;Blackman, E. G.;Hartigan, P. M.;Lebedev, S. V.;Russell, D. R.;Halliday, J. W. D.;Suttle, L. G.
• 通讯作者: Suttle, L. G.

Phase transitions and spin state of iron in FeO under the conditions of Earth's deep interior

地球深处条件下 Fe3O 中铁的相变和自旋态

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.107.l241103
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Greenberg, E.;Nazarov, R.;Landa, A.;Ying, J.;Hood, R. Q.;Hen, B.;Jeanloz, R.;Prakapenka, V. B.;Struzhkin, V. V.;Rozenberg, G. Kh.
• 通讯作者: Rozenberg, G. Kh.

Study of Jupiter’s Interior with Quadratic Monte Carlo Simulations

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace1f1
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: B. Militzer