Simultaneous Remote Measurement of Skin and Sub-skin Temperature for USVs & Buoys

同时远程测量 USV 的皮肤和皮下温度

• 批准号: 2022750
• 负责人: Andrew Jessup
• 金额: $ 69.93万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2022750&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Simultaneous; Remote; Measurement; Skin; Sub

Climate change research requires knowledge of the temperature of the ocean right at the surface to estimate the transfer of heat between the air and the water. This temperature, known as the skin temperature, can be up to a half degree Celsius (about one degree Fahrenheit) cooler than the temperature immediately below, known as the sub-skin temperature. In practice, models rather than measurements of the skin temperature are used since current technology to measure the skin temperature is expensive and complicated. This technology uses a non-contact sensor known as an infrared radiometer that remotely measures the thermal radiation coming from the ocean. The skin temperature model needs a measure of the temperature just below the surface (known as the sub-skin temperature) in order to accurately predict the skin temperature. When a ship is used, the sub-skin temperature can be measured by towing a thermometer along the surface. In the future, measurements will be made from drones, where towing a thermometer is impractical. This research will use technology improvements and insight from new research to develop an instrument that can measure both the skin and sub-skin temperature from drones, as well as from buoys.Current models for the cool skin effect provide adequate skin temperature accuracy for ocean surface fluxes required for climate research. However, this level of performance is achieved only when the cool skin model is initialized with a contact measurement of very near surface temperature using a towed sensor known as a sea snake. The advent of reliable unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) has fostered a growing community consensus for the need to make accurate flux measurements autonomously. Since deployment of a sea snake from USVs is impractical, an alternative means of obtaining very near surface temperature (sub-skin) and/or the skin temperature itself is required to ensure the necessary flux accuracy. Recent results indicates that accurate infrared (IR) measurements of skin temperature from USVs should now be practical. Furthermore, these results show that combining an IR camera with a calibrated radiometer system can provide the sub-skin temperature remotely. This project will develop and test IRISS (InfraRed In situ Skin and Subskin), an innovative IR-based sensor system to remotely and simultaneously measure skin and sub-skin temperature under all weather conditions for routine deployment on USVs and buoys. IRISS will be compact, low-power, and cost effective by exploiting the increased stability of commercially-available sensors and will provide measurements with accuracy comparable to current systems. The project will include side-by-side comparisons with an existing ship-based system for each intended platform. Widespread use on USVs and buoys will greatly increase the number and coverage of skin and sub-skin temperature measurements. The resulting improvements to models for the cool skin and near surface temperature stratification will enhance topical oceanographic research such as gas transfer, address current operational forecast priorities, and improve satellite SST algorithm development.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候变化的研究需要了解地面上海洋温度的知识，以估计空气和水之间的热量转移。 该温度称为皮肤温度，可以比紧接着的温度（称为次年温度的温度）高达半度摄氏（约一个度摄氏度）。实际上，使用了皮肤温度的模型而不是测量，因为当前测量皮肤温度的技术是昂贵且复杂的。 该技术使用一种非接触式传感器，称为红外辐射计，可远程测量来自海洋的热辐射。皮肤温度模型需要测量表面以下的温度（称为亚皮肤温度），以便准确预测皮肤温度。 当使用船时，可以通过沿表面拖动温度计来测量次年温度。 将来，测量值将由无人机进行，其中拖动温度计是不切实际的。 这项研究将利用新研究的技术改进和洞察力来开发一种可以测量无人机的皮肤和亚皮肤温度以及浮标的仪器。凉爽皮肤效应的电流模型为气候研究所需的海面通量提供了足够的皮肤温度准确性。 但是，只有当使用称为海蛇的牵引传感器对近表面温度的接触量测量初始化凉爽的皮肤模型时，才能达到这种水平。 可靠的无人地面车辆（USV）的出现已经建立了不断增长的社区共识，以便自动进行准确的通量测量。 由于从USV中部署海蛇是不切实际的，因此需要一种非常接近表面温度（亚皮肤）和/或需要皮肤温度本身来确保必要的通量准确性的替代方法。 最近的结果表明，现在应该实用的是USV的皮肤温度的精确红外（IR）测量。 此外，这些结果表明，将IR摄像头与校准的辐射计系统相结合可以远程提供子剥离温度。 该项目将开发和测试iRiss（Infrared Intu Skin and sisskin），这是一种创新的基于IR的传感器系统，可在所有天气条件下远程且同时测量皮肤和亚皮肤温度，以便在USV和浮标上进行常规部署。通过利用商业上可用的传感器的稳定性提高，将是紧凑，低功率和成本效益的，并将提供与当前系统相当的精确度的测量值。 该项目将包括与每个预期平台的现有基于船舶的系统的并排比较。 在USV和浮标上的广泛使用将大大增加皮肤和亚皮肤温度测量值的数量和覆盖范围。 最终改进了凉爽皮肤和近表面温度分层的模型，将增强局部海洋学研究，例如气体传输，解决当前的运营预测优先级，并改善卫星SST SST算法开发。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力功能和广泛影响的评估来评估CRETERIA的评估。