Collaborative Research: RAPID: Coronavirus persistence, transmission, and circulation in the environment

合作研究：RAPID：冠状病毒在环境中的持久性、传播和循环

• 批准号: 2022877
• 负责人: Alexandria Boehm
• 金额: $ 13万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-15 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2022877&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; Coronavirus; persistence

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has rapidly spread from its beginning in Wuhan China. Currently, people have been infected on all continents except Antarctica. 2019-nCoV has some similarity to two other coronavirus outbreaks (SARS and MERS). Despite intensive study of SARS and MERS, we still lack a fundamental understanding of coronavirus behavior in the environment. Most importantly, we do not know how coronavirus spreads and how long it remains infective when exposed to sunlight. The goal of this RAPID research project is to address these questions to better predict transport. A secondary goal of this research project is to determine whether virus monitoring in wastewater treatment facilities can be used to catch outbreaks early. This will be achieved by monitoring coronavirus dynamics in wastewater treatment plants in the San Francisco Bay Area. The project team includes researchers with complimentary expertise on coronavirus transfer, inactivation, and detection. Successful completion of this research will better prepare scientists, engineers, and public health officials for future coronavirus outbreaks. Societal benefits include understanding coronavirus transmission in communities to decrease the time necessary to identify outbreaks to protect public health and national security.A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has recently emerged from Wuhan China and its spread is causing international concern. This outbreak follows two other coronavirus outbreaks SARS and MERS. The initial cases of the SARS coronavirus outbreak spread via aerosolized fecal particles through the air ducts of the apartment complex. Early reports of 2019-nCoV suggest it too is excreted in feces. Despite intensive study of these past outbreaks, we still lack a fundamental understanding of enveloped virus particle transport in air and water infrastructure and their inactivation potential from solar radiation exposure. This information is critical to control transmission and predict persistence. A second important question is whether monitoring of viruses in wastewater treatment facilities can be used to catch virus circulation early in community outbreaks. The specific objectives of this project are to characterize how enveloped viruses are transferred from surfaces to skin, how coronaviruses are inactivated by solar and UV radiation, and by monitoring coronavirus dynamics in wastewater treatment plants in the San Francisco Bay Area. The project team includes researchers with complimentary expertise on virus transfer from skin to surfaces, coronavirus detection methods, and viral photoinactivation. The work will be performed at the Codiga Water Resource Recovery Center in Santa Clara County where two of the initial 2019-nCoV cases have been observed in the USA. Results from this research will better prepare scientists, engineers, and public health officials for future coronavirus outbreaks. It will provide critical information on endemic coronavirus circulation and provide a framework for capturing the outbreak dynamics of a novel virus in a community. Further, the enveloped virus transfer study will help scientists understand if and how the transfer of enveloped viruses differs from non-enveloped viruses. Broader benefits to society include understanding when and how transmission may occur in communities; information that is critical to decreasing the time necessary to identify viral disease outbreaks to protect public health and national security.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）疫情从中国武汉爆发以来迅速蔓延。目前，除南极洲外，各大洲均已有人感染。 2019-nCoV 与其他两种冠状病毒爆发（SARS 和 MERS）有一些相似之处。尽管对 SARS 和 MERS 进行了深入研究，但我们仍然对冠状病毒在环境中的行为缺乏基本了解。最重要的是，我们不知道冠状病毒是如何传播的，也不知道它在暴露在阳光下时保持传染性的时间有多长。该 RAPID 研究项目的目标是解决这些问题，以更好地预测交通。该研究项目的第二个目标是确定废水处理设施中的病毒监测是否可以用于及早发现疫情。这将通过监测旧金山湾区废水处理厂的冠状病毒动态来实现。该项目团队包括在冠状病毒转移、灭活和检测方面拥有丰富专业知识的研究人员。这项研究的成功完成将使科学家、工程师和公共卫生官员更好地为未来的冠状病毒爆发做好准备。社会效益包括了解冠状病毒在社区的传播情况，以减少识别疫情所需的时间，从而保护公众健康和国家安全。一种新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）最近从中国武汉出现，其传播正在引起国际关注。这次爆发是在另外两次冠状病毒爆发（SARS 和 MERS）之后发生的。 SARS冠状病毒爆发的最初病例是通过公寓大楼的通风管道中的雾化粪便颗粒传播的。 2019-nCoV 的早期报告表明它也通过粪便排出。尽管对过去的这些疫情进行了深入研究，但我们仍然对空气和水基础设施中包膜病毒颗粒的传输及其因太阳辐射暴露而失活的潜力缺乏基本了解。该信息对于控制传输和预测持久性至关重要。第二个重要问题是，对废水处理设施中病毒的监测是否可以用于在社区疫情爆发早期发现病毒传播情况。该项目的具体目标是表征包膜病毒如何从表面转移到皮肤、冠状病毒如何通过太阳和紫外线辐射灭活，以及监测旧金山湾区废水处理厂中的冠状病毒动态。该项目团队包括在病毒从皮肤到表面的转移、冠状病毒检测方法和病毒光灭活方面拥有丰富专业知识的研究人员。这项工作将在圣克拉拉县的科迪加水资源恢复中心进行，该中心已在美国观察到两例最初的 2019-nCoV 病例。这项研究的结果将使科学家、工程师和公共卫生官员更好地为未来的冠状病毒爆发做好准备。它将提供有关地方性冠状病毒传播的重要信息，并为捕获社区中新型病毒的爆发动态提供框架。此外，包膜病毒转移研究将帮助科学家了解包膜病毒的转移是否以及如何不同于非包膜病毒。对社会更广泛的好处包括了解社区何时以及如何传播；对于减少识别病毒性疾病爆发所需时间以保护公众健康和国家安全至关重要的信息。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 digital droplet RT-PCR assay sensitivity on COVID-19 wastewater based epidemiology

SARS-CoV-2 数字液滴 RT-PCR 检测灵敏度对基于 COVID-19 废水的流行病学的影响

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000066
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: PLOS Water
• 作者: Kim, Sooyeol;Wolfe, Marlene K.;Criddle, Craig S.;Duong, Dorothea H.;Chan-Herur, Vikram;White, Bradley J.;Boehm, Alexandria B.
• 通讯作者: Boehm, Alexandria B.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA is enriched by orders of magnitude in primary settled solids relative to liquid wastewater at publicly owned treatment works.

• DOI: 10.1039/d1ew00826a
• 发表时间: 2022-03-31
• 期刊: Environmental science : water research & technology
• 作者: Kim S;Kennedy LC;Wolfe MK;Criddle CS;Duong DH;Topol A;White BJ;Kantor RS;Nelson KL;Steele JA;Langlois K;Griffith JF;Zimmer-Faust AG;McLellan SL;Schussman MK;Ammerman M;Wigginton KR;Bakker KM;Boehm AB
• 通讯作者: Boehm AB