RAPID: Impact of extreme heat-induced mortality on avian cooperative social systems

RAPID：极端高温引起的死亡率对鸟类合作社会系统的影响

• 批准号: 2024823
• 负责人: Daizaburo Shizuka
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-15 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2024823&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Impact; extreme; heat; induced

Extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, and storms can have dire consequences for local ecosystems, sparking population decline or range shifts. While physiological and morphological adaptations may help buffer animals against ecological shifts, little is known about how sociality—a trait which can help animals cope with unpredictable or harsh environments—might mitigate (or exacerbate) the consequences of abrupt, prolonged climatic events. This year, wildlife in South Australia were subject to extended heatwaves which resulted in mortality in nearby animal communities. This project will take advantage of long-term data collected on social behavior of two social species of birds - splendid and purple-backed fairywrens - to ask whether social group membership can improve survival outcomes following extreme environmental stressors. This work will help elucidate how different social systems and communities will respond to climatic events in the future by capturing both the population-wide and individual level response to this weather event in two social species with varying degrees of social participation. Broader impacts will include training of students and a post-doctoral researcher and dissemination of findings to the broader non-scientific community to help general audiences understand how extreme weather events impact natural populations of animals. Australia has recently experienced numerous catastrophic droughts, heat waves, and fires that have led to heat-induced avian mortality events where assessment of population responses could provide insight on the impact of increasingly common extreme climatic events on populations. Previous work has focused on critical temperature, demography, and morphological changes; no work has addressed cooperative breeding — a behavior linked to environmental variability. This project will address two research aims: 1) Determine whether differential survival occurred with respect to group size and 2) Determine the impact of catastrophic mortality on subsequent social structure and dynamics in two different cooperatively breeding systems. Group composition and reproductive success of both splendid and purple-backed fairywrens were last monitored in the days immediately prior to the December 2019 heatwave. This project will consist of a survey in autumn to assess survival and population composition, and a second trip spanning the pre-breeding and breeding seasons to assess the impact of demographic changes on the strength and structure of social groups. During each trip social associations and individual presence will be assessed through re-sighting of individually unique color bands. Unbanded individuals will be captured and banded, and their social status within the population assessed. These methods will allow 2019 social behavior to be linked to survival of the heat event, and allow team members to subsequently assess how dispersal behavior, group structure, and reproductive success in the 2020 breeding season is impacted by demographic changes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热浪，干旱和风暴等极端天气事件可能会对当地生态系统产生影响，从而引发人口下降或范围变化。尽管物理和形态适应可能有助于缓冲动物的生态转变，但对社会性如何（可以帮助动物来应对不可预测或伤害环境的特征）可能会减轻（或加剧）突然的后果，延长气候事件的后果。一年，南澳大利亚州的野生动植物受到延长的热浪，导致动物群落附近的死亡率。该项目将利用有关两种社会鸟类的社会行为的长期数据 - 辉煌和紫色支持的仙女 - 询问社会团体成员是否可以在极端的环境压力源后改善生存成果。这项工作将有助于阐明不同的社会系统和社区将如何通过在两个社会参与程度不同的两个社会物种中捕获对这一天气事件的整个人口和个人水平的反应，以如何对气候事件做出反应。更广泛的影响将包括对学生的培训和博士后研究人员的培训以及向更广泛的非科学社区的发现传播，以帮助一般受众了解极端天气事件如何影响动物的自然种群。澳大利亚最近经历了许多灾难性的干旱，热浪和大火，导致了热引起的鸟类死亡率事件，在这些事件中，对人口反应的评估可以洞悉日益常见的极端气候事件对人群的影响。先前的工作集中在临界温度，人口统计学和形态变化上。没有工作解决合作育种 - 与环境变异性有关的行为。该项目将解决两个研究目的：1）确定是否相对于群体规模发生差异生存以及2）确定灾难性死亡率对两个不同合作繁殖系统中随后的社会结构和动态的影响。在2019年12月Heatwave之前的几天中，上次监测了辉煌和紫色的童话般的群体组成和生殖成功。该项目将包括秋季的一项调查，以评估生存和人口组成，第二次跨越繁殖和繁殖季节的旅行，以评估人口变化对社会群体力量和结构的影响。在每次旅行期间，社交协会和个人存在将通过重新瞄准单独独特的色带来评估。无束缚的个人将被捕获和束缚，并在评估人口中的社会地位。 These methods will allow 2019 social behavior to be linked to survival of the heat event, and allow team members to Subsequently assess how dispersal behavior, group structure, and reproductive success in the 2020 breeding season is impacted by demographic changes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed precious of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.