The Fate of Earth's Plates: Sublithopsheric Diamond Constraints on Recycling in Earth’s Mantle Transition Zone

地球板块的命运:亚岩石层金刚石对地幔过渡带回收的限制

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2025779
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2020-07-15 至 2024-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Earth’s mantle can be divided into an upper mantle and a lower mantle separated by a region known as the “mantle transition zone” occurring between 410 and 660 km depths. The active process of plate tectonics brings cold, seawater-altered, and volatile-element-rich slabs of ocean floor rock into and through this region where they are thought to stall and heat up. Upon heating, the plates release water, hydrogen, carbon, boron, and iron into fluids. These fluids migrate from the slab into the surrounding mantle and cause diamonds to crystallize in regions that constantly produce Earth’s deepest and most energetic earthquakes. This process, known as recycling, has been occurring on Earth for billions of years and is thought to have profound effects on the geochemical composition of the deep mantle. To understand this region of the mantle better, work will be carried out with sophisticated and sensitive laboratory microanalysis of tiny mineral inclusions. These mineral inclusions co-crystallized with and are encased in rare rough diamonds and the offcuts of the largest and most flawless facetted diamonds known to exist. While many manifestations of the recycling process of plate tectonics are visible from Earth’s surface, the importance of this work lies in it being the only way to trace, with actual samples, the deepest aspects of plate tectonics and thus the outcome of the recycling process at depth. The broader impacts of the project include training of early-career scientists, development and sharing of new analytical methods, development of knowledge for use in diamond schools, short courses, and textbooks, and massive public interest on how the world’s most valuable gemstones were created. Sublithospheric diamonds (diamonds forming in the convecting mantle below the subcontinental lithospheric mantle) have been recognized to form in or near the mantle transition zone on the basis of their distinctive high-pressure, retrogressed mineral inclusion assemblages. Two ‘families’ of sublithospheric diamonds can be distinguished by the two types of subducted oceanic lithosphere from which they arose: carbonated oceanic crust leading to diamonds that crystallize from carbonatitic melts, or serpentinized mantle leading to diamonds that crystallize from released metallic liquids or aqueous, supercritical fluids. Samples of both sublithospheric types are available for this work from the Juina, Brazil area; from the Letseng Mine, Lesotho; and other sources. A combination of microanalytical techniques on mineral grains in-situ (confocal Raman, synchrotron micro-tomography, SEM, EPMA, and SIMS) and bulk isotopic techniques on extracted mineral inclusions (MC-ICPMS and N-TIMS) will be used to analyze selected diamonds and their mineral inclusions for their major element compositions, volatile species (H2, CH4, OH), and stable (13C, 56Fe) and radiogenic (Os) isotopic compositions. In particular, 56Fe and 187Os/188Os isotopic compositions will be used to see if the iron oxide phases in the carbonatitic diamonds and the metallic inclusion bearing diamonds are related to the same source of iron. If so, a direct connection between fluids mobilized in the mantle versus crust would be revealed. The selected diamonds, their included mineral assemblages and their associated fluid species also will be characterized to obtain petrogenetic constraints. The fundamental goal of the research is to unravel fluid evolution / melting processes occurring in the slab at mantle transition zone depths by tracking the crust versus mantle portions of the slab as it decarbonates, dehydrates, and releases fluids. How the fluids are released, how they migrate, and what roles they play in modifying the composition of the deep mantle into which they are released are primary questions. A secondary goal is to relate potential effects on the mantle to the compositional variability that is evident in volcanic rocks at Earth’s surface. Of interest here are the mineralogical transport mechanisms for carbon, water, and other components during deep subduction and the chemical transformations in the slab plus the ambient mantle that accompany the recycling process. The proposed research will follow subduction to depths far beyond normal plate tectonic surface observables and will lead to a clearer understanding of the basic geodynamic processes of deep recycling and the creation of deep-seated mantle heterogeneity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
地球的地幔可以分为上地幔和下地幔,两者之间有一个称为“地幔过渡带”的区域,位于410至660公里深处。板块构造的活跃过程将寒冷的、海水蚀变的、富含挥发性元素的海底岩石板块带入并穿过这一区域,人们认为这些板块在这里停滞并升温。在加热时,板块释放水、氢、碳、硼和铁到流体中。这些流体从板块迁移到周围的地幔,并导致钻石在不断产生地球最深和最具活力的地震的地区结晶。这个过程被称为再循环,已经在地球上发生了数十亿年,被认为对深部地幔的地球化学成分产生了深远的影响。为了更好地了解地幔的这一区域,将对微小的矿物包裹体进行复杂而敏感的实验室微量分析。这些矿物包裹体与罕见的毛坯钻石以及已知存在的最大和最完美的多面钻石的边角料共结晶并包裹在其中。虽然从地球表面可以看到板块构造再循环过程的许多表现,但这项工作的重要性在于它是用实际样品追踪板块构造最深处的唯一途径,从而追踪深度再循环过程的结果。该项目的广泛影响包括培训早期职业科学家,开发和分享新的分析方法,开发用于钻石学校、短期课程和教科书的知识,以及公众对世界上最有价值的宝石是如何产生的广泛兴趣。岩石圈下金刚石(形成于大陆岩石圈地幔之下的对流地幔中的金刚石)以其独特的高压、退变质矿物包裹体组合而被认为形成于地幔过渡带或其附近。岩石圈下钻石的两个“家族”可以通过它们产生的两种类型的俯冲海洋岩石圈来区分:碳酸化的海洋地壳导致从碳酸盐熔体中结晶的钻石,或蛇纹石化的地幔导致从释放的金属液体或含水超临界流体中结晶的钻石。这两种岩石圈下类型的样品可从巴西的Juina地区、莱索托的Letseng矿和其他来源获得。矿物颗粒原位微区分析技术的组合(共焦拉曼、同步加速器显微断层扫描、扫描电镜、电子探针和西姆斯)和大量同位素技术对提取的矿物包裹体(MC-ICPMS和N-TIMS)将用于分析选定的金刚石及其矿物包裹体的主要元素组成、挥发性物质(H_2、CH_4、OH)、稳定同位素(~(13)C、~(56)Fe)和放射成因同位素(Os)。特别是,56 Fe和187 Os/188 Os同位素组成将用于查看碳酸岩金刚石和含金属包裹体的金刚石中的氧化铁相是否与相同的铁源有关。如果是这样的话,地幔和地壳中流动的流体之间的直接联系将被揭示出来。还将对选定的金刚石、其所含矿物组合及其相关流体种类进行表征,以获得成岩制约因素。研究的基本目标是解开流体演化/熔融过程中发生的板在地幔过渡区的深度跟踪地壳与地幔部分的板,因为它脱碳,脱水,并释放流体。这些流体是如何释放的,它们是如何迁移的,以及它们在改变它们所释放的深部地幔的组成方面发挥了什么作用,这些都是主要的问题。第二个目标是将对地幔的潜在影响与地球表面火山岩中明显的成分变化联系起来。这里感兴趣的是碳,水和其他成分的矿物学运输机制,在深俯冲和化学转化板加上周围的地幔,伴随着再循环过程。拟议中的研究将遵循俯冲深度远远超出正常板块构造表面可观察到的,并将导致更清楚地了解基本的地球动力学过程的深层再循环和创建深层次的地幔heterogeneity.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(7)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
A Review of the Geology of Global Diamond Mines and Deposits
  • DOI:
    10.2138/rmg.2022.88.01
  • 发表时间:
    2022-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    B. Kjarsgaard;Mike C.J. de Wit;L. Heaman;D. Pearson;J. Stiefenhofer;N. Janusczcak;S. Shirey
  • 通讯作者:
    B. Kjarsgaard;Mike C.J. de Wit;L. Heaman;D. Pearson;J. Stiefenhofer;N. Janusczcak;S. Shirey
Geochronology of Diamonds
  • DOI:
    10.2138/rmg.2022.88.11
  • 发表时间:
    2022-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    K. Smit;S. Timmerman;S. Aulbach;S. Shirey;S. H. Richardson;D. Phillips;D. Pearson
  • 通讯作者:
    K. Smit;S. Timmerman;S. Aulbach;S. Shirey;S. H. Richardson;D. Phillips;D. Pearson
Slab Transport of Fluids to Deep Focus Earthquake Depths—Thermal Modeling Constraints and Evidence From Diamonds
  • DOI:
    10.1029/2020av000304
  • 发表时间:
    2021-05
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    8.4
  • 作者:
    S. Shirey;L. Wagner;M. Walter;D. Pearson;P. V. van Keken
  • 通讯作者:
    S. Shirey;L. Wagner;M. Walter;D. Pearson;P. V. van Keken
Fluid Inclusions in Fibrous Diamonds
Comment on “Discovery of davemaoite, CaSiO 3 -perovskite, as a mineral from the lower mantle”
对“发现来自下地幔的矿物 davemaoite、CaSiO 3 -钙钛矿”的评论
  • DOI:
    10.1126/science.abo0882
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    56.9
  • 作者:
    Walter, Michael J.;Kohn, Simon C.;Pearson, D. Graham;Shirey, Steven B.;Speich, Laura;Stachel, Thomas;Thomson, Andrew R.;Yang, Jing
  • 通讯作者:
    Yang, Jing
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Steven Shirey其他文献

Steven Shirey的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Steven Shirey', 18)}}的其他基金

Diamonds Through Time and Space: Unique Windows on Mantle Evolution
穿越时空的钻石:地幔演化的独特窗口
  • 批准号:
    1049992
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Integrated Studies of Diamond Age and Composition: Constraints on Continental Lithospheric Evolution, Kaapvaal-Zimbabwe Craton, Southern Africa
钻石年龄和成分的综合研究:对南部非洲卡普瓦尔-津巴布韦克拉通大陆岩石圈演化的制约
  • 批准号:
    0310059
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: The Role of Mafic Crust in Orogenic Magmatism - New Perspectives from Re-Os Isotopes
合作研究:镁铁质地壳在造山岩浆作用中的作用——铼锇同位素的新视角
  • 批准号:
    9980525
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
A Comparative Elemental and Isotopic Study of Seawater Component Assimilation on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) Using Volatiles, Halogens, Boron and Lithium
使用挥发物、卤素、硼和锂对东太平洋海隆 (EPR) 海水成分同化进行比较元素和同位素研究
  • 批准号:
    9907174
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Constraints on EPR Magmatism Through Studies of the North Orozco Region
合作研究:通过北奥罗斯科地区的研究来限制 EPR 岩浆作用
  • 批准号:
    9626934
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Os Isotopic Studies of Solid Earth Evolution
固体地球演化的骨同位素研究
  • 批准号:
    9506713
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Rhenium-Osmium Isotope Systematics of Tektites and Impact Glasses
玻璃陨石和冲击玻璃的铼锇同位素系统学
  • 批准号:
    9218847
  • 财政年份:
    1993
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Re-Os Investigations of Craton Development and Mantle Evolution
克拉通发育和地幔演化的Re-Os研究
  • 批准号:
    9204718
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Re-Os Isotopic Studies of Crust-Mantle Evolution on the Earth
地球壳幔演化的铼锇同位素研究
  • 批准号:
    9005412
  • 财政年份:
    1990
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Re-Os Isotopic Studies of Crust-Mantle Evolution on the Earth
地球壳幔演化的铼锇同位素研究
  • 批准号:
    8720712
  • 财政年份:
    1988
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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  • 批准号:
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