EAGER: An On-ice GNSS Research Experimental Network for Greenland

为了了解格陵兰冰盖的大规模变化，需要广泛的覆盖范围。虽然飞机和卫星产生了大量的海拔变化数据集，区域气候模型以高分辨率预测降雪，但这两个系统都需要通过冰上手段进行校准和验证。因此，需要广泛的格陵兰冰上海拔测量数据，通常使用全球定位系统收集。地面导线测量在收集此类冰上信息方面非常成功。同样，还为短期冰川学项目安装了冰上静态全球定位系统台站。然而，这两种方法都有明显的缺点。首先是成本。地面穿越在后勤上是复杂和昂贵的。对于传统的静态站，高成本与硬件和大量电池的运输有关，因为在黑暗的冬天运行这些站需要电力。第二是在空间和时间覆盖方面的局限性。 导线提供了极好的空间覆盖，但在时间上只有导线路线上的单个快照。相反，静态台站提供极好的时间分辨率，但在固定点运行，因此空间分辨率有限。该项目将在格陵兰建立一个密集的静态冰上全球定位系统站网络。新的GPS技术可以通过利用最新一代的芯片组来降低成本，这些芯片组提供极低的功耗。虽然目前尚未证明用于收集冰盖上的科学数据，但这些芯片组现已集成在当前一代无人机（UAV）中，并且在这些情况下使用真实的时间运动学（RTK）校正操作时，声称具有厘米级的定位精度。该项目将分三个阶段：1）在研究区域安装一个台站网络; 2）开发一个独立的全球导航卫星系统接收站，部署在原有网络之外; 3）在格陵兰冰盖上部署一个更广泛的台站网络。该项目还将通过支持一名积极参与项目各个方面的研究生来整合研究和教育，并通过与妇女在科学项目合作，在20年的时间里培训一名一年级女本科生，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识产权评估的支持。优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。

In understanding the large-scale changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet, wide coverage is needed. While aircraft and satellites produce extensive elevation-change datasets, and regional climate models predict snowfall at high resolution, both systems require calibration and validation by on-the-ice means. Hence, there is a need for extensive on-ice elevation survey data in Greenland, typically collected using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Ground-based traverses have been highly successful in collecting such on-ice information. Similarly, on-ice static GPS stations have been installed for short-term glaciology projects. Both approaches, however, suffer significant drawbacks. The first is cost. Ground traverses are logistically complex and expensive. For traditional static stations, the high cost is associated with the hardware and the transport of large numbers of batteries due to the power required to run these stations through the dark winter. The second is limitations in spatial and temporal coverage. Traverses offer excellent spatial coverage, but temporally only a single snapshot in time over the traverse route. Conversely, static stations offer excellent temporal resolution, but operate at a fixed point and thus limited spatial resolution. This project will create a dense network of static on-ice GPS stations in Greenland. New GPS technology allows for a reduction in costs by leveraging the newest generation of chipsets, which offer extremely low power consumption. While currently unproven for collecting science data on ice sheets, these chipsets are now integrated in the current generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and, when operated using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) corrections in these situations, claim centimeter-scale positioning accuracy. Over three phases, the project will 1) install a network of stations in the study area; 2) develop a standalone GNSS receiver station for deployment outside the original network; and 3) deploy a wider network of stations on the Greenland Ice Sheet. This project will also integrate research and education by supporting a graduate student who will be actively involved in all aspects of the project, and by partnering with the Women in Science Project to train a first-year female undergraduate student during a 20-week internship in each year of the project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.