RAPID: Hydrologic control on SARS-CoV-2 transfer to streams

RAPID：对 SARS-CoV-2 转移到河流的水文控制

• 批准号: 2030130
• 负责人: Peter Raymond
• 金额: $ 8.82万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2030130&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Hydrologic; control; SARS; CoV

With the novel coronavirus causing major disruptions globally, there is an immediate need to understand sources of exposure, environmental prevalence and approaches for mitigation of transmission. While most work has focused on direct human-to-human transmission or indirect transmission indoors, environmental exposure could play an important role. Work on past Coronaviruses and other pathogenic viruses has demonstrated that they can reach streams and rivers from wastewater inputs, particularly during storm events. Evidence shows that the novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-Cov-2, is present in sewage and coronaviruses can survive in water systems for days. This study will advance understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transfer to and along stream networks in an urban region impacted by the virus. This project will survey streams and rivers in areas of Connecticut impacted by the virus to test for the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 and assess mechanisms for the spread of the virus in the environment. The project will further train and prepare students on rapid-response research under challenging circumstances. A primary objective of this work is to understand the transfer of SARS-CoV-2 to stream networks in a region impacted by the virus. In particular, it is hypothesized that major rain events leading to combined sewer overflow (CSO) and Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) overflow will have peak concentrations of SARS-CoV-2. The human or ecological impact of any particular pathogen will thus have the potential to be elevated during these periods of high transfer. Samples will be collected from two different types of systems. The first set will be from a number of smaller streams/rivers to assess transfers to the stream network. These streams and rivers will be chosen based on a history of CSO and WWTP overflow events. Sampling of a forested area will be included as a control for this set of sites. The second set of sites will be on the mainstem of the Connecticut River, which, like many rivers worldwide, has an urban center (Hartford/Springfield) flanking the river near the coast. This common geography leads to a large input of WWTP effluent on the mainstem of the river, with a short travel distance to the coast. Samples from the Connecticut River will be collected upstream of this urban center, within the city center, and downstream of any urban influence. Samples will be mostly collected during large hydrologic events (1-2 inches of precipitation) in the smaller stream/river systems over the next 2-3 months, but more frequently along the Connecticut River main-stem sites. Samples will be analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using qPCR, DNA and RNA bacteriophages and viruses, chemical markers of WWTP and CSO effluent and a standard suite of standard water quality parameters to document the in-situ conditions during collection. This proposal integrates an interdisciplinary team that will broaden our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence under a hydrologic framework. The project will support five students across four departments, thus providing interdisciplinary training related to rapid response research and science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着新型冠状病毒在全球造成重大破坏，迫切需要了解接触来源、环境流行率和缓解传播的方法。虽然大多数工作都集中在人与人之间的直接传播或室内的间接传播上，但暴露在环境中可能会发挥重要作用。对过去冠状病毒和其他致病病毒的研究表明，它们可以从废水输入到达溪流和河流，特别是在风暴期间。有证据表明，这种新型冠状病毒，也被称为SARS-CoV-2，存在于污水中，冠状病毒可以在水系统中存活数天。这项研究将促进对SARS-CoV-2在受病毒影响的城市地区的河流网络和沿河流网络传播的理解。该项目将调查康涅狄格州受病毒影响地区的溪流和河流，以测试SARS-CoV-2的发生情况，并评估病毒在环境中传播的机制。该项目将进一步培训和准备学生在具有挑战性的环境中进行快速反应研究。这项工作的一个主要目标是了解SARS-CoV-2在受病毒影响的地区向河流网络的传播情况。特别是，假设导致下水道溢流(CSO)和污水处理厂(WWTP)溢流的主要降雨事件将出现SARS-CoV-2的峰值浓度。因此，任何特定病原体对人类或生态的影响在这些高转移期都有可能增加。样本将从两种不同类型的系统中收集。第一组将来自一些较小的溪流/河流，以评估向河流网络的转移。这些溪流和河流将根据CSO和WWTP溢流事件的历史进行选择。对森林区域的采样将被包括在这组地点的控制范围内。第二组地点将位于康涅狄格河的主干上，与世界各地的许多河流一样，康涅狄格河有一个城市中心(哈特福德/斯普林菲尔德)，位于靠近海岸的河流两侧。这种共同的地理位置导致大量污水处理厂的污水输入到河流的主干上，距离海岸很短。来自康涅狄格河的样本将在这个城市中心的上游、市中心内和任何城市影响的下游收集。未来2-3个月，样本将主要在较小的溪流/河流系统的大型水文事件(1-2英寸降雨量)期间采集，但更频繁地沿康涅狄格河主干点采集。样本将使用qPCR、DNA和RNA噬菌体和病毒、污水处理厂和CSO污水的化学标记物以及一套标准水质参数进行SARS-CoV-2分析，以记录采集过程中的现场情况。这项建议整合了一个跨学科的团队，将在水文学框架下扩大我们对SARS-CoV-2流行情况的理解。该项目将支持四个系的五名学生，从而提供与快速反应研究和科学相关的跨学科培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。