RAPID: Challenges and Novel Responses in Law Enforcement and Criminal Courts to the COVID-19 Pandemic

RAPID：执法部门和刑事法院对 COVID-19 大流行的挑战和新应对措施

• 批准号: 2030883
• 负责人: Julie Baldwin
• 金额: $ 15.71万
• 依托单位: American University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2030883&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Challenges; Novel; Responses; Law

Compared to other types of natural disasters which impact a limited geographic location, the current pandemic is remarkable for the effect it has had on the entire country. The criminal justice system has not been immune to this impact with law enforcement and courts having to adapt their operational decisions and responses. This study will conduct successive interviews with law enforcement agencies and adult criminal courts as they navigate and respond to the public health threat of COVID-19. It seeks to not only document how these agencies have responded, but to understand why they responded as they have, how their response has changed as new information becomes available, and the practical and pragmatic challenges they have faced in the process. Towards these ends, results seek to inform disaster preparedness, resource management, and criminal justice policy.It has been argued that the deleterious consequences of natural and technological disasters depend largely on the physical and social vulnerability, or access to physical, social, and economic resources, of the impacted population. In much the same way, organizations, business, and other institutions are differentially vulnerable to disruptive events. How they cope with this vulnerability when confronted by such an event can be generally understood in the context of organizational decision making, which implies a complex process that involves differentially weighting specific and abstract costs and benefits associated with potential alternative choices. This study draws on theories/frameworks of emergency management, rational choice, and policing and criminal court administration in order to understand the manner in which law enforcement agencies and criminal courts are coping with the evolving threat of COVID-19. Towards these ends, a stratified random sample of law enforcement and criminal courts in each of the 50 states will be obtained and a longitudinal self-report survey will be administered in order to examine the following issues: (1) the practical and administrative challenges these entities face due to COVID-19, (2) the specific strategies/plans they have implemented or wanted to implement but could not in order to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, (3) the challenges, successes, and consequences (anticipated and unintended) in the responses and implementation thereof, and (4) why responses were devised, implemented or not implemented, successful, challenging, and produced various outcomes. The study results can then be used to inform the development of new responses and improved implementation of innovative policies and practices, including emergency management plans for pandemics and how to communicate and collaborate effectively across the public health and criminal justice systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与影响有限地理位置的其他类型的自然灾害相比，目前的大流行病对整个国家的影响是显著的。 刑事司法系统也未能幸免于这种影响，执法和法院不得不调整其业务决定和对策。本研究将对执法机构和成人刑事法院进行连续采访，因为他们正在应对COVID-19的公共卫生威胁。它不仅试图记录这些机构是如何应对的，而且还试图了解它们为什么会做出这样的反应，它们的反应如何随着新信息的出现而改变，以及它们在这一过程中面临的实际和务实的挑战。为了实现这些目标，结果试图告知备灾，资源管理和刑事司法policy.It一直认为，自然灾害和技术灾害的有害后果在很大程度上取决于物理和社会的脆弱性，或获得物理，社会和经济资源，受影响的人口。同样，组织、企业和其他机构对破坏性事件的脆弱性也各不相同。他们如何科普这种脆弱性时，面对这样的事件，一般可以理解的背景下，组织决策，这意味着一个复杂的过程，涉及不同的加权具体和抽象的成本和利益与潜在的替代选择。本研究借鉴了应急管理、理性选择、警务和刑事法院管理的理论/框架，以了解执法机构和刑事法院应对COVID-19不断变化的威胁的方式。为此，将对50个州的执法和刑事法院进行分层随机抽样，并进行纵向自我报告调查，以审查以下问题：（1）这些实体因COVID-19而面临的实际和行政挑战，（2）为科普COVID-19疫情，他们已经实施或想要实施但无法实施的具体策略/计划，（3）挑战，成功，和后果（预期和非预期）的反应和实施，以及（4）为什么反应设计，实施或不实施，成功，具有挑战性，并产生各种结果。研究结果可用于制定新的应对措施和改进创新政策和做法的实施，包括流行病的应急管理计划以及如何在公共卫生和刑事司法系统之间进行有效的沟通和合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.