Ecological and evolutionary determinants of microbial community composition on the amphibian skin

两栖动物皮肤微生物群落组成的生态和进化决定因素

• 批准号: 244508238
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Miguel Vences
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zoologisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/244508238?language=en
• 关键词: Ecological; evolutionary; determinants; microbial; community

Amphibians are a vertebrate group with a high proportion of species threatened with extinction, to a great part due to emerging pathogens. They are also well-known for the variety of toxins in their skin which are assumed to have evolved as a antimicrobial defense but which might also undergo microbe-mediated biotransformation. Knowledge on the microbial communities associated with the amphibian skin is surprisingly scarce despite their importance to understand ecology and evolution and improve conservation of amphibians. The proposed project aims at understanding the patterns of microbial communities in the amphibian skin, their assembly process, and their influence on toxin production. It will combine (i) screening of prokaryotic community composition using 454 and Illumina sequencing of samples from German and Madagascan amphibians, (ii) testing for host-phylogeny vs. habitat influences on these communities, (iii) assess positive and negative species associations among microbes, (iv) monitor microbe community dynamics on the same amphibian specimen over time, and community assembly after antibiotic treatment, and (v) screen amphibian macroglands for presence of symbiontic bacteria and screen changes in toxin production before and after antibiotic treatment. Data will be analysed to test various hypotheses such as a lower diversity of prokaryotic communities on the amphibian skin compared to other skin habitats due to the large amount of antimicrobial substances, the origin of these communities from the environment rather than vertical transmission, and the involvement of skin microbes in production and biotransformation of amphibian toxins.

两栖动物是一个脊椎动物群，由于新兴的病原体而受到灭绝威胁的物种比例很高。它们也以皮肤中各种毒素而闻名，这些毒素被认为是一种抗菌防御，但也可能经历微生物介导的生物转化。尽管重要的是了解生态学和进化并改善两栖动物的保护，但对与两栖动物相关的微生物群落的知识令人惊讶。拟议的项目旨在了解两栖动物皮肤中微生物群落的模式，它们的组装过程以及它们对毒素生产的影响。它将使用454和MADAGASCAN两栖动物的样品进行筛查（i）筛选原核生物群落组成，（ii）测试宿主 - 噬菌体发育与栖息地的影响对这些社区的影响，（iii）评估次数和社区中的良好的杂物及其在近原体中的阳性和负面的物种，（IV）的跨性别的杂物及其分别的杂物化，（iv）的指定性化的杂物化，（iv）的杂物化，（IV （v）筛查两栖动物宏观群，用于抗生素治疗前后毒素产生的筛查细菌和筛查变化。将分析数据以测试各种假设，例如由于大量的抗菌物质，这些群落的起源，而不是垂直传播，以及皮肤微生物在生产和生物转化中的涉及垂直传播，而与其他皮肤栖息地相比，两栖皮肤上的多样性较低。