Dissertation Research: Evolutionary and Ecological Determinants of Incubation Strategies in Three Sympatric Nuthatches

论文研究：三种同域五子雀孵化策略的进化和生态决定因素

• 批准号: 9701116
• 负责人: Thomas Martin
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-05-15 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9701116&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Evolutionary; Ecological; Determinants

Martin 9701116 Evolution of parental care strategies is thought to be determined by fitness costs and benefits associated with providing care. Avian incubation is a form of parental care and energetic constraints are thought to underlie intra- and interspecific variation in incubation strategies. However, these conclusions are based almost exclusively on single species studies which may reflect phenotypic rather than genetic differences. Nest predation is an alternative explanation that has been proposed as a potential selection pressure leading to different incubation strategies, but critical tests are lacking. The PIs propose to experimentally test the energetic constraint and nest predation risk hypotheses in three sympatric species in the genus Sitta. These species provide a model system to test these hypotheses because they differ in opposite directions with respect to energetic constraints and nest predation risk. The energetic constraint hypothesis will be tested by experimentally modifying the nest microclimate using warm and cold air pumped into nests. The nest predation risk hypothesis will be tested through predator presentation experiments. This experimental and comparative field work advances understanding of the factors responsible for intra and interspecific variation in parental care. l J

马丁9701116父母护理策略的演变被认为是由与提供护理相关的健身成本和好处决定的。鸟类孵化是父母照顾的一种形式，能量限制被认为是孵化策略的种内和种间差异的基础。然而，这些结论几乎完全基于单一物种的研究，这些研究可能反映了表型而不是遗传差异。巢捕食是另一种解释，它被认为是导致不同孵化策略的潜在选择压力，但缺乏关键测试。PIS建议对Sitta属的三个共域物种进行能量限制和巢穴捕食风险假设的实验测试。这些物种提供了一个模型系统来检验这些假说，因为它们在能量限制和巢穴捕食风险方面存在相反的方向。能量约束假说将通过实验改变鸟巢的小气候来检验，方法是向鸟巢注入冷热空气。巢穴捕食风险假说将通过捕食者呈现实验进行检验。这项实验和比较田野工作促进了对导致父母照料中种内和种间差异的因素的理解。L J