RAPID: Time-critical Airborne Measurements to Quantify Ozone Impacts of Emissions Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in the United States

RAPID：时间关键的机载测量，以量化美国 COVID-19 大流行应对期间排放变化对臭氧的影响

• 批准号: 2035153
• 负责人: Eric Kort
• 金额: $ 19.94万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2035153&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Time; critical; Airborne; Measurements

This RAPID project will investigate the atmospheric impacts of the large changes in pollutant emissions due to the massive social and economic slowdown of activity related to the Covid-19 pandemic in the U.S. The research includes the conduct of systematic light aircraft flights to survey urban and industrial emissions sources in the atmospheres of Denver CO and Houston TX to assess the effects of the emissions changes on the production of ozone. Quantifying the impact of such a large emissions change on urban ozone formation rates and yields provides a rigorous and nearly unprecedented check on the models used for U.S. regulatory and research purposes.The researchers will conduct twenty 5-hour research flights surveying concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O) in the atmosphere over the cities of Houston TX and Denver CO. The scientists will collaborate with both academic and government modelers to infuse the unique data from this study into a 3-D WRF-Chem research chemical transport model (CTM) to challenge and improve the representation of ozone chemistry, both for this acute situation and under routine emissions scenarios. Historical, highly detailed, research-quality atmospheric data are available for both cities, including data from recent field campaigns in Denver and in Houston. Both cities represent tractable area sources appropriate for study using light aircraft. Houston and the surrounding areas are home to the majority of the U.S. gasoline refining capacity, as well as significant petrochemical industrial capacity. Denver has a substantial number of mobile sources and the region hosts a high level of oil and natural gas activity. This research will provide a benchmark for chemical rates and yields in models. The project takes advantage of this unique opportunity to assess the effects of dramatically changed emissions on ozone production and will gather the data needed to challenge and improve regulatory and research models in the U.S.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该快速项目将研究美国在美国与Covid-19 Pandemic相关活动的大规模社会和经济变化的大气变化的大气影响，研究包括进行系统的轻型飞机飞行以调查丹佛Co和Houston TX大气中的城市和工业排放来调查丹佛Co和Houston TX的效果以评估发行效果的效果。 Quantifying the impact of such a large emissions change on urban ozone formation rates and yields provides a rigorous and nearly unprecedented check on the models used for U.S. regulatory and research purposes.The researchers will conduct twenty 5-hour research flights surveying concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water休斯顿德克萨斯州和丹佛市大气中的蒸气（H2O）。科学家将与学术和政府建模者合作，将这项研究的独特数据注入3-D WRF-Chem研究化学运输模型（CTM）中，以挑战和改善这种急诊状况和常规情况下的Ozone化学的代表性。两个城市都可以使用历史，高度详细的研究质量大气数据，包括来自丹佛和休斯敦的近期现场活动的数据。这两个城市代表适用于使用轻型飞机研究的可拖动区域。休斯顿及周边地区是美国大多数汽油炼油能力的所在地，以及大量的石化工业能力。丹佛拥有大量的移动源，该地区拥有高水平的石油和天然气活动。这项研究将为模型中的化学速率和产量提供基准。该项目利用这一独特的机会来评估急剧变化对臭氧生产的影响，并将收集挑战和改善美国的监管和研究模型所需的数据，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。