RUI: Regulation of the plant endocycle by F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 1

植物的一个决定性的、永远令人着迷的特征是它们能够在高度动态和经常有压力的环境中茁壮成长。然而，植物在具有挑战性的条件下增加弹性的许多分子机制是未知的。这项工作研究了细胞周期和共同调节的核过程如何响应外部线索而直接改变，从而优化生长。这项工作产生的知识可以应用于受气候变化影响的世界的未来作物发展。该项目将为开展独立研究项目的本科生提供培训机会和支持。资金还将支持基于课程的本科生研究经验（CURES）的发展，这将为学生提供有意义地参与真实研究经验的机会。参加CURE的学生倾向于：1）更高的参与度，对科学和实验室工作有积极的看法，2）对科学过程有更深入的了解，3）在科学方面有更高的保留率。重要的是，CURE使课程更具包容性，并通过多种措施为历史上代表性不足的群体的学生提高成功率。这些真实的研究经验将被整合到实验室部分遗传学类在普吉湾和生物学类在华盛顿妇女惩教中心教授的调查大学作为自由教育项目普吉湾（FEPPS）的一部分，大学学位授予监狱教育计划。大学水平的监狱教育减少了43%的再犯率，并提供了就业和/或释放后继续教育的途径。内循环，一种替代细胞周期，其中核基因组复制但细胞不分裂，增加植物在压力下的适应性，并可由环境触发。尽管后期促进复合体/细胞周期体（APC/C）促进了这种转换，但对植物用于胁迫触发内循环进入的机制知之甚少。这项工作调查的F-BOX应力诱导1（FBS 1），在泛素26 S蛋白酶体系统（UPS），选择蛋白质降解的目标的应激诱导底物接头的行动进入内循环。初步数据显示，FBS 1与多个推定的靶点相互作用：1）APC 8，APC/C的核心亚基，和2）两个WD 40重复样家族蛋白，其已被命名为FBS 1相互作用蛋白（FBIP）。这项工作调查的假设，FBS 1协调针对APC 8（可能是一个post-constitutional修改的形式）和FBIPs降解的压力反应。分子遗传学方法将导致理解FBS 1如何影响细胞周期和植物在压力下，它将建立FBIPs的生物学作用。这项工作将建立FBS 1和它的合作伙伴之间的体内蛋白质相互作用动力学，它将确定APC 8和FBIPs是否是应激反应中真正的泛素化靶点。总的来说，这个项目将导致更好地了解植物如何使用UPS诱导细胞周期和共同发生的过程中的可塑性，以匹配细胞过程与环境条件。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

A defining, and perpetually intriguing, feature of plants is their ability to thrive in highly dynamic and oftentimes stressful environments. However, many molecular mechanisms used by plants to increase resiliency under challenging conditions are unknown. This work investigates how the cell cycle and co-regulated nuclear processes are directly altered in response to external cues so that growth is optimized. Knowledge generated by this work can be applied to future crop development in a world impacted by climate change. This project will provide training opportunities and support for undergraduate students carrying out independent research projects. Funds will also support development of course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), which will offer students in classes the opportunity to meaningfully engage with authentic research experiences. Students participating in CUREs tend to: 1) be more highly engaged and have positive views of science and lab work, 2) have a deeper understanding of the scientific process, and 3) have higher retention rates in the sciences. Importantly, CUREs make classes more inclusive and increase success by multiple measures for students of historically underrepresented groups. These authentic research experiences will be integrated into the lab portion Genetics classes at the University of Puget Sound and Survey of Biology classes taught at the Washington Corrections Center for Women as part of the Freedom Education Project Puget Sound (FEPPS), a college degree-granting prison education program. College-level prison education reduces recidivism by 43% and provides pathways to employment and/or further education after release.The endocycle, an alternative cell cycle where the nuclear genome replicates but the cell does not divide, increases plant fitness under stress and can be triggered by the environment. Little is known about mechanisms used by plants for stress-triggered endocycle entry, although the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) promotes this switch. This work investigates endocycle entry by action of F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 1 (FBS1), a stress-inducible substrate adaptor in the ubiquitin 26S proteasome system (UPS) that selects protein targets for degradation. Preliminary data show that FBS1 interacts with multiple putative targets: 1) APC8, a core subunit of the APC/C, and 2) two WD40 repeat-like family proteins, which have been named FBS1 INTERACTING PROTEINs (FBIPs). This work investigates the hypothesis that FBS1 coordinates a stress-response by targeting APC8 (possibly a post-translationally modified form) and FBIPs for degradation. Molecular genetic approaches will lead to understanding of how FBS1 affects the cell cycle and plants under stress, and it will establish the biological roles of FBIPs. This work will establish in vivo protein interaction dynamics between FBS1 and its partners, and it will establish whether APC8 and FBIPs are true ubiquitylation targets in stress responses. Collectively, this project will lead to greater understanding of how plants use the UPS to induce plasticity in the cell cycle and co-occurring processes to match cellular processes with environmental conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.