Spoken standard. Linguistic studies on spoken German with regard to didactics

口语标准。

• 批准号: 244620710
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jan Georg Schneider
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Germanistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/244620710?language=en
• 关键词: Spoken; standard.; Linguistic; studies; spoken

The formal curriculum for German classes (Bildungsstandards, 2003) explicitly mentions speaking in the standard language as an educational objective. From a linguistic perspective, however, it is far from clear what standard German is. Some argue that the high level of variation inhibits any reasonable description of a spoken standard. German teachers, in contrast, are expected to evaluate the oral performance of pupils - considering also their mastery of the standard variety. As long as linguists do not provide criteria for the assessment of spoken utterances, teachers as well as ordinary speakers will tend to judge spoken performances against the background of a written language bias or a preference for written language norms. This written language bias is also documented in many German textbooks, which in the most cases have not considered the empirical and theoretical results of spoken language research and mediality studies. It is the core objective of the proposed project to (re-)construct a modified, usage-based concept of standard language, taking into account the variation and the medium-specific characteristics of spoken language. We assume that speakers are implicitly guided by actual norms of spoken language differing from the codified standard.The empirical basis for this endeavour will be the systematic analysis of an already compiled corpus of classroom interactions as well as national TV talk show discussions. The talk shows are especially useful for the analysis of spoken language constructions because participants can be assumed to be geared to a standard language use due to the supra-regional and public character of the show - which spoken-language-specific constructions occur in such more or less formal talk situations? The classroom interactions allow for another perspective insofar as the implicit and explicit corrections of the teachers can be studied in order to reconstruct their norm orientation. Moreover, the functional variation of standard and nonstandard forms indicates the awareness of (subsistent) norms. These two research methods will be combined in our project in order to attain an empirically based concept of spoken standard language. The project will focus on the (re-)construction of a spoken standard on a syntactic level but will also consider morphological, phonological and lexical aspects. The essential insights of spoken language research and mediality studies need to be applied to grammar and language education.

德语课程的正式课程(《成长标准》，2003)明确提到，讲标准语言是一项教育目标。然而，从语言学的角度来看，什么是标准德语还远不清楚。一些人认为，高水平的差异阻碍了对口语标准的任何合理描述。相比之下，德国教师应该评估学生的口语表现--同时考虑到他们对标准口语的掌握情况。只要语言学家不提供评价口语的标准，教师和普通说话者就会倾向于根据书面语言偏见或对书面语言规范的偏好来评判口语表现。这种书面语言偏见也被记录在许多德国教科书中，在大多数情况下，这些教科书没有考虑口语研究和中介性研究的实证和理论结果。拟议项目的核心目标是(重新)构建一种修改后的、以用法为基础的标准语言概念，同时考虑到口语的变化和特定媒介的特点。我们假设演讲者是以不同于规范标准的实际口语规范为指导的。这一努力的经验基础将是对已经汇编的课堂互动语料库以及国家电视脱口秀讨论的系统分析。脱口秀对于口语结构的分析特别有用，因为由于脱口秀的超地域性和公共性，参与者可以被假设为适应标准的语言使用--哪些特定于口语的结构出现在这种或多或少正式的谈话情景中？课堂互动提供了另一种视角，因为可以研究教师的内隐和外显纠正，以重建他们的规范取向。此外，标准形式和非标准形式的功能变异表明了对(存在的)规范的意识。这两种研究方法将在我们的项目中结合起来，以获得一个基于经验的口语标准语言概念。该项目将侧重于(重新)建立句法层面的口语标准，但也将考虑词法、语音和词汇方面的问题。口语研究和中介性研究的基本见解需要应用于语法和语言教育。