COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY OF LI-ION BATTERY ELECTROLYTES, THEIR PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS, AND POSSIBLE FIRE SUPPRESSANTS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SAFETY

锂离子电池电解质的燃烧化学、其热解产物以及用于电动汽车安全的可能的灭火剂

• 批准号: 2037795
• 负责人: Olivier Mathieu
• 金额: $ 29.98万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-15 至 2023-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2037795&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; LI; ION; BATTERY

Lithium-ion batteries are globally used to power the ever-growing number of mobile devices and will play a significant role in the transportation industry for decades to come. The movement toward electric mobility is of strategic importance, as the electricity used to power these vehicles can be produced from a large blend of renewable (solar, wind, biofuels), carbon-free (nuclear) energies, and from fossil fuels within large centralized plants, allowing for higher efficiency, better emissions control, and carbon capture. However, these batteries contain a flammable electrolyte in their battery cells which makes them a safety hazard if they are damaged, such as during a collision of an electric vehicle or in case of default in their conception. Many fire incidents related to electric vehicles have been reported over the past few years. Since Lithium-ion batteries are becoming so important in our lives, the fire safety hazard associated with their usage is also increasing with their size and ubiquity. This project aims at reducing the flammability of the electrolyte by adding specific fire suppressants, an area where a fundamental approach at the chemistry level has never been followed. In the proposed project, the combustion properties of the typical components found in Lithium-ion battery electrolytes and of a mixture of the typical gases ejected during a battery thermal runaway will be investigated experimentally. These combustion properties will be measured using accurate chemical kinetics markers obtained from well-defined experimental techniques and optical diagnostics such as laser absorption spectrometry. Many of these components from the lithium-ion battery electrolyte will be studied for the first time. Similarly, the high-temperature chemistry of specific fire suppressant agents will be investigated, and their fire-suppressing potential will be investigated experimentally as well. The experimental results obtained during the course of this study will be used to develop or refine detailed chemical kinetics mechanisms for the electrolyte components and for the fire suppressants. The successful completion of the project will greatly advance the predictive capabilities on the flammability of LiBs and will potentially allow for reducing their flammability without reducing their performance. A safer use of lithium-ion batteries in many industries could be experienced based on the proposed research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

锂离子电池在全球范围内被用于为越来越多的移动的设备供电，并将在未来几十年内在交通运输行业中发挥重要作用。电动汽车的发展具有战略重要性，因为用于为这些车辆提供动力的电力可以由可再生能源（太阳能，风能，生物燃料），无碳（核能）能源以及大型集中式工厂内的化石燃料生产，从而实现更高的效率，更好的排放控制和碳捕获。然而，这些电池在其电池单元中含有易燃电解质，如果它们被损坏，例如在电动车辆的碰撞期间或在其概念中出现故障的情况下，这使得它们存在安全隐患。过去几年，已报告了许多与电动汽车相关的火灾事件。由于锂离子电池在我们的生活中变得如此重要，与其使用相关的消防安全隐患也随着其尺寸和普及而增加。该项目旨在通过添加特定的阻燃剂来降低电解质的可燃性，这是一个从未遵循过化学层面基本方法的领域。 在拟议的项目中，将对锂离子电池电解质中发现的典型成分以及电池热失控期间喷射的典型气体混合物的燃烧特性进行实验研究。这些燃烧特性将使用从定义明确的实验技术和光学诊断（如激光吸收光谱法）获得的准确化学动力学标记进行测量。锂离子电池电解液中的许多成分将首次进行研究。同样，将研究特定灭火剂的高温化学性质，也将通过实验研究其灭火潜力。在本研究过程中获得的实验结果将用于开发或完善详细的化学动力学机制的电解质成分和灭火剂。该项目的成功完成将大大提高对LiB可燃性的预测能力，并可能在不降低其性能的情况下降低其可燃性。根据拟议的研究，可以在许多行业中更安全地使用锂离子电池。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Properties of an Average Thermal Runaway Gas Mixture from Li-Ion Batteries

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c04057
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Energy & Fuels
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: O. Mathieu;C. Grégoire;M. Turner;D. J. Mohr;S. Alturaifi;James C. Thomas;E. Petersen