Neural correlates of age-related changes in dual-task performance

双任务表现与年龄相关变化的神经相关性

• 批准号: 245042982
• 负责人: Dr. Robert Langner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Systemische Neurowissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/245042982?language=en
• 关键词: Neural; correlates; age; related; changes

Healthy aging is associated with performance decline in various cognitive domains, among them the simultaneous execution of two activities ("dual-tasking"). The neurobiological basis of such age-related changes still is, however, largely unknown. The aim of this project is to characterize age-related changes in cortical networks that are associated with the simultaneous management of multiple sensory, cognitive and motor demands in dual tasks. Previous studies showed both age-related decreases and increases in regional brain activity during single cognitive tasks. For dual tasks, however, it is open (i) whether age-related hyperactivity constitutes beneficial compensation or detrimental neural dedifferentiation, (ii) to what extent the neural changes are actually due to age or rather to performance level, and (iii) how they relate to amodal versus modality-specific interference between two parallel reaction processes. These questions will be answered by comparing between dual and single tasks in a large sample of young and older adults (n = 50 per age group). The investigation of cortical segregation as well as structural, functional and effective connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tractography will lead to network models of age-related changes in cognitive control systems and their interaction with sensory and motor networks and provide a deeper understanding of changes in brain-behavior relationships in later life.

健康老龄化与各种认知领域的表现下降有关，其中包括同时执行两项活动（“双重任务”）。然而，这种与年龄相关的变化的神经生物学基础仍然是未知的。该项目的目的是表征与年龄相关的变化，在双重任务中的多个感官，认知和运动需求的同时管理相关的皮层网络。以前的研究表明，在单一的认知任务中，与年龄相关的区域大脑活动减少和增加。然而，对于双重任务，它是开放的（i）年龄相关的多动症是否构成有益的补偿或有害的神经去分化，（ii）在何种程度上的神经变化实际上是由于年龄或更确切地说，性能水平，以及（iii）它们如何涉及到两个平行的反应过程之间的非模态与模态特异性干扰。这些问题将通过在年轻人和老年人的大样本（每个年龄组n = 50）中比较双重和单一任务来回答。使用功能性磁共振成像和纤维束成像对皮质分离以及结构、功能和有效连接的研究将导致认知控制系统中与年龄相关的变化及其与感觉和运动网络的相互作用的网络模型，并提供对晚年大脑行为关系变化的更深入理解。