PSID 2021-2024: Continuity and Change in American Economic and Social Life

收入动态小组研究（PSID）是美国社会科学研究数据基础设施的基石。自1968年以来，该研究使用了一系列调查来收集美国家庭的信息。原PSID家庭的子女和孙辈现在也参与其中；其结果是追踪一个家庭几代人的数据。漫长的时间跨度使得人们可以对人类和家庭如何随着时间的推移而成长和变化的问题进行科学调查。这包括对就业、收入和财富等经济结果的研究，对早期生活经历如何影响成年后就业和健康的研究，对美国家庭如何应对老年家庭成员需求的研究，以及对消费和就业等关键经济变量如何受到更广泛的商业周期和意外事件影响的研究。研究小组将收集两波新的数据。新浪潮将包括COVID-19大流行对PSID家庭影响的测量。这包括衡量疾病对健康的直接影响、就业和教育中断的影响，以及家庭成员是否从政府减轻大流行负担的努力中得到帮助。ppi还计划对短期“零工经济”工作的参与情况进行新的衡量，将扩大有价值的行政数据联系，并将继续努力扩大PSID问卷的网络管理。该项目通过保持美国在科学领域的领导地位，通过向对了解美国家庭感兴趣的广大研究人员提供数据，以及通过提供必要的数据来评估联邦、州和地方各级政府过去政策决定的长期影响，从而促进国家利益。PSID是世界上持续时间最长的家庭调查。通过对经济和社会福利的长期衡量，这项研究使研究人员和政策分析师能够调查社会和行为过程中固有的活力。长长的面板、家谱设计和广泛的内容为科学家提供了一个独特而有力的机会来研究几十年来同一个家庭的变化。从PSID家庭中收集更多的数据有助于科学地理解经济和社会行为的动态。延长的时间序列数据支持在研究人类在生命周期中如何成长和变化的所有科学学科中对无数问题进行新的和系统的调查。这包括对经济结果的研究（例如，跨商业周期发生的变化以及为应对日益激烈的国际经济竞争而发生的变化），对财富和收入代际传递的研究，以及对成年期和老年期的收入和健康如何取决于早期生活经历的研究。随着时间的推移，一致的测量对于准确估计这些行为的动态非常重要。从同一家庭中收集多年的数据可以提高测量的精度，因为在同一家庭中收集了多个测量数据，并且在几十年的时间内从多个家庭中收集了多个测量数据。研究人员将进行许多创新和改进，同时保持核心数据收集的可比性。PSID在许多方面产生了更广泛的影响。它被跨学科社区使用，在卫生研究中越来越重要。数据档案用于为公共政策提供信息；至少有9个联邦机构使用PSID数据。PSID也是教学和学习的重要资源。这些数据是免费和公开的。它们被研究生和本科生广泛使用。该奖项资助了基于网络的推广活动，这些活动将使PSID成为更有价值的教学工具。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) is a cornerstone of data infrastructure for social science research in the United States. The study has used a series of surveys to gather information on US families since 1968. Children and grandchildren from the original PSID families now participate as well; the result is data that follows families through several generations. The long timespan allows scientific investigation of questions about how people and families grow and change over time. This includes the study of economic outcomes such as employment, income, and wealth, research on how early life experiences affect employment and health in adulthood, research on how U.S. families cope with the needs of aging family members, and work that examines how key economic variables like consumption and employment are affected by broader businesses cycles and unanticipated events. The research team will collect two new waves of data. The new waves will include measurements of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PSID families. This includes measurements of the direct health impacts of the disease, the effects of disruptions to employment and education, and whether family members were helped by government efforts to reduce the burden of the pandemic. The PIs also plan new measurements of participation in short term ‘gig economy’ jobs, will expand valuable administrative data linkages, and will continue their current effort to expand web-based administration of the PSID questionnaire. The project promotes the national interest by maintaining U.S. leadership in science, by making data available to a broad community of researchers interested in understanding American families, and by providing necessary data to evaluate the long-term impacts of past policy decisions at the federal, state, and local levels of government.The PSID is the world's longest running household panel survey. Through its long-term measures of economic and social wellbeing, the study allows researchers and policy analysts to investigate the dynamism inherent in social and behavioral process. The long panel, genealogical design, and broad content provide scientists a unique and powerful opportunity to study change within the same family over decades. Collecting additional waves of data from the PSID families contributes to scientific understanding of the dynamics of economic and social behavior. The extended time series of data supports new and systematic investigation of a myriad of questions in the full range of scientific disciplines that study how humans grow and change over the life cycle. This includes the study of economic outcomes (for example, the changes that occur across business cycles and changes in response to increased international economic competition), the study of intergenerational transmission of wealth and income, and the study of how income and health in adulthood and old age depend on early-life experiences. Consistent measures over time are important for accurately estimating the dynamics of these behaviors. Gathering data from the same families over many years improves the precision of the measurement as multiple measures are collected within the same families as well as from multiple families over a period of decades. The investigators will carry out numerous innovations and enhancements while maintaining core data collection for comparability. The PSID creates broader impacts in many ways. It is used by an interdisciplinary community and is increasingly important in health research. The data archive is used to inform public policy; at least nine federal agencies use PSID data. The PSID is also an important resource for teaching and learning. The data are free and publicly available. They are widely used by graduate and undergraduate students. The award funds web-based outreach activities that will make the PSID an even more valuable tool for teaching and learning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.