Collaborative Research: The Criminal Deportation Pipeline

大规模驱逐有犯罪记录的移民是美国过去30年来越来越严厉的移民政策的基石。合法永久居民（绿色卡持有者）可以被驱逐的主要犯罪类别很广泛且无定形，对于无证个人来说，任何定罪都可能导致被驱逐。研究表明，种族和族裔差异深刻地影响着刑事司法系统，特别是增加了黑人和拉丁美洲移民的负面结果的风险。我们提出了“刑事驱逐管道”的概念来描述交织的犯罪和移民系统的过程，漏斗某些移民走向删除。这项研究借鉴了社会学和犯罪学的学科，侧重于形成和构成这一渠道的因素。该研究强调了刑事司法和移民执法中的种族，民族和空间差异，以及帮助被驱逐移民的当地政策和做法，将展示管道在这个移民标志性城市的功能存在以及定义其影响和特征的因素。研究的结果将有助于对移民政策和人权改革的公共辩论，同时加深我们对公民身份，法律和警务实践之间的关系的理解，从而影响了种族化的移民社区。由社会排斥和刑事定罪的理论，特别是沿着载体的种族，以及阻力的领域，该研究是面向以下研究问题：（一）如何当地模式的非移民相关的刑事司法执法形状的刑事驱逐出境管道的流动？(ii)保护性的法律的政策和做法如何影响刑事驱逐程序的功能？移民如何经历和应对刑事定罪和驱逐出境的重叠过程？我们将使用混合方法研究设计来研究这些问题，该设计结合了120小时的驱逐出境程序的有针对性的观察;官方文件和行政政府数据集的二次分析;以及120个与受影响的移民，法律的从业者和社区倡导者的深入访谈。研究将扩大后，初步空间分析的高驱逐出境地区，以：（一）更好地了解如何在警务空间，种族和民族模式的形状刑事驱逐出境的过程;（二）评估功能和保护性法律的政策的影响，（三）确定面临驱逐出境的移民与犯罪记录的经验，以及重叠的犯罪和移民的影响。产生的新知识将使理论的进一步发展，围绕社会控制过程，国家实践和人类机构方面的集体和个人的移民experience.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

The mass deportation of immigrants with criminal records has formed the cornerstone of increasingly punitive immigration policy in the United States over the past thirty years. The major categories of crimes for which lawful permanent residents (green card holders) can be removed are broad and amorphous, and for undocumented individuals, any conviction can lead to removal. Research has shown that racial and ethnic disparities profoundly impact the criminal justice system, adding to the risk of negative outcomes for Black and Latino immigrants in particular. We advance the concept of the “criminal deportation pipeline” to describe the intertwining criminal and immigration system processes that funnel certain immigrants toward removal. The study, drawing on the disciplines of sociology and criminology, focuses on the factors which shape and constitute this pipeline. Highlighting racial, ethnic and spatial disparities in criminal justice and immigration enforcement, as well as local policies and practices that aid immigrants targeted for expulsion, the study will demonstrate the pipeline’s functional presence in this iconic city of immigrants as well as factors that define its impact and character. The results of the research will contribute to the public debate on immigration policy and human rights reform while deepening our understanding of the relationship between citizenship, the law, and policing practices that have so impacted racialized immigrant communities. Informed by theories of social exclusion and criminalization, particularly along the vectors of race, as well as the field of resistance, the study is oriented by the following research questions: (i) How do local patterns of non-immigration-related criminal justice enforcement shape the flow of the criminal deportation pipeline?; (ii) How do protective legal policies and practices affect the function of the criminal deportation pipeline?; and (iii) How do immigrants experience and respond to overlapping processes of criminalization and deportation? We will examine these questions using a mixed methods research design that combines 120 hours of targeted observation of deportation proceedings; secondary analysis of official documents and administrative government datasets; and 120 in-depth interviews with affected immigrants, legal practitioners, and community-based advocates. Research will expand upon preliminary spatial analysis of high deportation areas in order to: (i) better understand how spatial, racial, and ethnic patterns in policing shape processes of criminal deportation; (ii) assess the function and impacts of protective legal policies, and (iii) identify the experiences of immigrants facing deportation with criminal records, as well as the impacts of overlapping criminal and immigration. The new knowledge produced will allow further development of theory around processes of social control, state practices and human agency with regard to the collective and individual immigrant experience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.