Collaborative Research: The Criminal Deportation Pipeline

合作研究：刑事驱逐管道

• 批准号: 2043536
• 负责人: David Brotherton
• 金额: $ 25.9万
• 依托单位: CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-15 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2043536&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Criminal; Deportation; Pipeline

The mass deportation of immigrants with criminal records has formed the cornerstone of increasingly punitive immigration policy in the United States over the past thirty years. The major categories of crimes for which lawful permanent residents (green card holders) can be removed are broad and amorphous, and for undocumented individuals, any conviction can lead to removal. Research has shown that racial and ethnic disparities profoundly impact the criminal justice system, adding to the risk of negative outcomes for Black and Latino immigrants in particular. We advance the concept of the “criminal deportation pipeline” to describe the intertwining criminal and immigration system processes that funnel certain immigrants toward removal. The study, drawing on the disciplines of sociology and criminology, focuses on the factors which shape and constitute this pipeline. Highlighting racial, ethnic and spatial disparities in criminal justice and immigration enforcement, as well as local policies and practices that aid immigrants targeted for expulsion, the study will demonstrate the pipeline’s functional presence in this iconic city of immigrants as well as factors that define its impact and character. The results of the research will contribute to the public debate on immigration policy and human rights reform while deepening our understanding of the relationship between citizenship, the law, and policing practices that have so impacted racialized immigrant communities. Informed by theories of social exclusion and criminalization, particularly along the vectors of race, as well as the field of resistance, the study is oriented by the following research questions: (i) How do local patterns of non-immigration-related criminal justice enforcement shape the flow of the criminal deportation pipeline?; (ii) How do protective legal policies and practices affect the function of the criminal deportation pipeline?; and (iii) How do immigrants experience and respond to overlapping processes of criminalization and deportation? We will examine these questions using a mixed methods research design that combines 120 hours of targeted observation of deportation proceedings; secondary analysis of official documents and administrative government datasets; and 120 in-depth interviews with affected immigrants, legal practitioners, and community-based advocates. Research will expand upon preliminary spatial analysis of high deportation areas in order to: (i) better understand how spatial, racial, and ethnic patterns in policing shape processes of criminal deportation; (ii) assess the function and impacts of protective legal policies, and (iii) identify the experiences of immigrants facing deportation with criminal records, as well as the impacts of overlapping criminal and immigration. The new knowledge produced will allow further development of theory around processes of social control, state practices and human agency with regard to the collective and individual immigrant experience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对有犯罪记录的移民的大规模驱逐构成了过去30年来美国日益严厉的移民政策的基石。合法永久居民（绿卡持有者）可以被驱逐出境的主要犯罪类别是广泛而不明确的，对于无证个人，任何定罪都可能导致被驱逐出境。研究表明，种族和民族差异深刻地影响着刑事司法系统，尤其增加了黑人和拉丁裔移民面临负面结果的风险。我们提出了“刑事驱逐管道”的概念，以描述将某些移民引向驱逐的刑事和移民系统过程。这项研究借鉴了社会学和犯罪学的学科，侧重于形成和构成这一管道的因素。该研究突出了刑事司法和移民执法中的种族、民族和空间差异，以及当地帮助被驱逐移民的政策和做法，将展示管道在这个标志性的移民城市中的功能存在，以及定义其影响和特征的因素。这项研究的结果将有助于对移民政策和人权改革的公开辩论，同时加深我们对公民身份、法律和警务实践之间关系的理解，这些关系对种族化的移民社区产生了巨大影响。根据社会排斥和定罪理论，特别是沿着种族矢量以及抵抗领域的理论，本研究的方向是下列研究问题：(i)与移民无关的刑事司法执法的地方模式如何影响刑事驱逐出境管道的流动？保护性法律政策和做法如何影响刑事驱逐渠道的功能？（三）移民如何经历和应对刑事定罪和驱逐出境的重叠过程？我们将使用一种混合方法研究设计来研究这些问题，其中包括对驱逐程序进行120小时有针对性的观察；官方文件和行政政府数据集的二次分析；并对受影响的移民、法律从业人员和社区倡导者进行了120次深度访谈。研究将在对高驱逐率地区进行初步空间分析的基础上扩大，以便：(i)更好地了解警务中的空间、种族和族裔模式如何影响刑事驱逐过程；（ii）评估保护性法律政策的功能和影响，（iii）确定有犯罪记录的面临驱逐的移民的经历，以及犯罪和移民重叠的影响。所产生的新知识将允许进一步发展关于集体和个人移民经验的社会控制过程、国家实践和人类代理的理论。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。