Collaborative Research on Police and Criminal Interaction

该项目旨在增加我们对遏制 犯罪行为。 这是一个系统的研究的影响， 邻里结构对警犯互动的影响， 描述这一点所需适当的汇总水平 互动，以及犯罪之间发生的滞后时间 对警察制裁的反应和警察对犯罪行为的反应 行为模式 在这个合作项目中，Kohfeld和 斯普拉格调查了警察和罪犯之间的相互作用 通过测量过程，该测量过程考虑了 响应的时间模式。 独特的丰富和详细的数据集， 进行这些分析的开发来自圣路易斯 大都会警察局 数据集跨越的时间段 从1970年到1982年，它的特点是一个非常精细的时间结构， 犯罪发生的单位是小时，逮捕的单位是 天-和一个非常精细的地理结构-每一个犯罪的地方， 每一次逮捕都由X-Y坐标标识，并可以定位到 人口普查区块、区块组和区域。 科菲尔德和斯普拉格博士 利用创新的地理软件程序进行图形显示 和分析，以帮助他们在审查刑事和警察 不同人口条件下的互动。 通过模拟罪犯和警察对彼此的反应， 在事故级别，该项目有可能使一个主要的 提高我们对威慑过程的认识，这是 理解法律的社会控制和执行功能。 在社会背景下模拟这种行动-反应过程将 解释为什么刑事司法系统在以下方面运作得更好或不同： 以及为什么犯罪行为会在某些地方表现出来， 在某些地方更有效地阻止。

This project is intended to increase our understanding of ways to deter criminal action. It is a systematic study of the effects of neighborhood structure on the interaction between police and criminals, the proper level of aggregation necessary to delineate this interaction, and the lag time that occurs between criminal responsiveness to police sanctions and police responses to criminal behavior patterns. In this collaborative project, Drs. Kohfeld and Sprague investigate the mutual interaction between police and criminals by means of a measurement procedure that accounts for the differential time pattern of response. The uniquely rich and detailed data set they develop for carrying out these analyses is drawn from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. The data set spans the time period 1970 through 1982 and is characterized by a very fine time structure-- the unit for crime occurrence is hours and the unit for arrests is days--and a very fine geographic structure--the place of each crime and each arrest is identified by X-Y coordinates and can be located as to census blocks, blockgroups, and tracts. Drs. Kohfeld and Sprague utilize an innovative geo-based software program for graphic display and analysis to aid them in their examination of criminal and police interactions under varying demographic conditions. By modelling both the offender and police reactions to one another at the incident level, the project has the potential to make a major advance in our knowledge of deterrence processes, which is central to understanding the social control and enforcement functions of law. Modelling this action-reaction process within social contexts will explain why the criminal justice system works better or differently in some places than in others and why crime is exhibited or can be deterred more effectively in some sites.