SCC-CIVIC-PG Track A: Building Neighborhood Density, Mobility, and Affordability Through Regulatory Reform: An Action Plan for Newark, NJ

该项目将研究新泽西州纽瓦克的人口密度，特别关注法规和分区之间的关系，以及交通服务良好的社区的住房数量。纽瓦克，新泽西州是一个中等规模的城市，位于纽约大都会区，距离曼哈顿中心仅25分钟路程。这是一个低收入城市，许多居民难以获得交通、工作和负担得起的住房。随着纽约地区的住房越来越稀缺，纽瓦克的居民越来越担心这一新的发展将导致他们流离失所。该市目前正在对其10年总体规划进行高度协商性的修订，这提供了一个解决问题的机会，包括阻碍人口密集化和使新住房负担不起的监管和分区限制。该项目旨在通过向居民和决策者提供数据和新的决策工具来支持这一进程，这些数据和新的决策工具将有助于确定参与性和有效的办法，以通过总计划修订进程增加住房供应并提高住房负担能力。一种新开发的测量人口密度“因素”的方法将用于创建一个决策工具并生成相关数据;这些因素包括建筑物高度、地块覆盖率、住宅用地份额、占用率、生活区密度和平面图效率。从政策角度衡量这些因素的主要优势是，分区和建筑法规决定了其中许多因素的最大值。早期的工作接近密度作为一个横向措施，一个战略，提供有用的信息，但从政策断开。保理办法对增加住房供应具有明确的政策影响。这些因素的量化使用卫星图像来衡量住宅建筑，实地信息来衡量入住率，并通过监管审计将每个因素与实际政策联系起来，从而能够提出一套真正详细的政策建议。本研究的目标是模拟密度的因素及其与法规的关系，提供数据的方式，不同的监管变化可能会影响住宅面积的供应。该项目是响应公民创新挑战计划，轨道A-社区和流动性：提供更好的流动性选择，以解决住房负担能力和工作之间的空间不匹配，是NSF和能源部之间的合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。

This project will study the population density in Newark, NJ, with a specific focus on the relationship between regulations and zoning, and the amount of housing in neighborhoods that are well-served by transit. Newark, NJ is a medium-sized city located in the New York metropolitan area, only 25 minutes from the center of Manhattan. It is a low-income city with many residents who struggle to access transportation, jobs, and affordable housing. As housing in the New York area has become increasingly scarce, residents in Newark are increasingly concerned that this new development will lead to their displacement. The city is now engaged in a highly consultative revision of its 10-year master-plan, which offers an opportunity to address issues, including regulatory and zoning limitations that prevent densification and make new housing unaffordable. This project aims to support that process by empowering residents and policymakers with data and a new decision-making tool that will help identify participatory and effective approaches to increase the supply of housing and improve housing affordability through the master plan revision process. A newly developed methodology for the measurement of ‘factors’ of population density will be used to create a decision-making tool and generate associated data; these factors include building height, plot coverage, the share of land in residential use, the occupancy rate, living area density, and floor-plan efficiency. The key advantage of measuring these factors from a policy perspective is that zoning and building regulations determine the maximum values for many of them. Earlier work approached density as a horizontal measure, a strategy which furnished useful information but was disconnected from policy. The factoring approach has clear policy implications for increasing the supply of housing. The quantification of these factors uses satellite imagery to measure residential buildings, field information to measure the occupancy rate, and a regulatory audit to associate each of the factors with actual policies, enabling a truly detailed set of policy recommendations to emerge. The goal of this research is to model the factors of density and their relationship to regulations, providing data on the ways in which different regulatory changes might impact the supply of residential floor-space. This project is in response to the Civic Innovation Challenge program, Track A— Communities and Mobility: Offering Better Mobility Options to Solve the Spatial Mismatch Between Housing Affordability and Jobs—and is a collaboration between NSF and the Department of Energy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.