SCC-CIVIC-PG Track A: Novel Fuel-Flexible Combustion to Enable Ultra-Clean and Efficient Waste-to-Renewable Energy in Changing Climate

SCC-CIVIC-PG 轨道 A：新型燃料灵活燃烧，在不断变化的气候中实现超清洁、高效的废物转化为可再生能源

• 批准号: 2228311
• 负责人: Lulin Jiang
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Baylor University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2228311&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; CIVIC; PG; Track; Novel

This project aims to simultaneously address the two priorities defined by the City of Waco (Waco) including limited surface area for landfills, and energy demand especially during extreme weather due to global warming. Currently, converting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in landfills to fuels for energy results in very viscous oils that are hard to burn efficiently and cleanly. We propose a process that will operate efficiently and cleanly regardless of the MSW composition with minimal pre- and post-processing to help decrease surface area needed for landfills, provide resilient energy and help combat greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) that contribute to climate change both from combustion and from landfill emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2), other pollutant emissions such as particulate matters, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides from combustion significantly contribute to global warming. Additionally, methane is the second most important GHG with a 20-year global warming potential ~83 times higher than CO2, and organic MSW in landfills is a significant methane emission source. This project will therefore simultaneously decrease GHGs from landfills and recover energy in the waste using the novel waste-to-energy combustor with near-zero emissions for renewable power and heat. Success of this novel concept will therefore decrease local waste treatment burdens and boost energy resilience in a changing climate. The scalability and multi-fuel capability will help satisfy energy needs of underserved groups, and the communities at large under an extreme weather event. This project will develop a multi-fuel pilot combustor that can cleanly convert local MSW to liquid and gaseous fuels and combust them with minimal postprocessing. Challenges to clean and efficient combustion of waste-based fuels addressed here are (1) accommodating variations in fuel composition and properties and (2) efficient and low emission combustion of the highly viscous oils/condensates fuels. Objectives of Stage 1 include (1) preselecting a waste-to-fuels process informed by Waco and (2) demonstrating efficient combustion of waste-fuels generated in (1). The preselection defines the waste-to-fuel path and key parts for the fuel-flexible pilot combustor will be tested on site at the Waco facility in Stage 2. Scaling analysis will also be examined in Stage 2 based on example community profiles in partnership with Waco and Baylor’s School of Social Work. In addition to conventional publications, results will also be disseminated through informal education at Baylor’s Mayborn Museum through the NSF Portal-to-the-Public program, and collaboration with Waco and Mission Waco Urban Reap, and transferred to commercialization through Baylor’s lab-to-market team.This project is in response to the Civic Innovation Challenge program—Track A. Living in a changing climate: pre-disaster action around adaptation, resilience, and mitigation—and is a collaboration between NSF, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Energy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在同时解决韦科市（韦科）确定的两个优先事项，包括有限的垃圾填埋面积和能源需求，特别是在全球变暖导致的极端天气期间。 目前，将垃圾填埋场中的城市固体废物（MSW）转化为能源燃料会产生非常粘稠的油，难以有效和清洁地燃烧。 我们提出了一种无论城市固体废物成分如何都能高效清洁地运行的工艺，只需进行最少的预处理和后处理，以帮助减少垃圾填埋场所需的表面积，提供弹性能源，并帮助应对燃烧和垃圾填埋场排放导致气候变化的温室气体排放（GHG）。 二氧化碳（CO2）、其他污染物排放，如颗粒物、未燃烧的碳氢化合物、燃烧产生的氮氧化物，都是导致全球变暖的重要因素。 此外，甲烷是第二重要的温室气体，其20年全球变暖潜势比CO2高约83倍，而垃圾填埋场的有机城市固体废物是甲烷的重要排放源。因此，该项目将同时减少垃圾填埋场产生的温室气体，并使用新型废物转化为能源的燃烧器回收废物中的能量，可再生能源和热量的排放量接近零。 因此，这一新概念的成功将减少当地废物处理的负担，并提高气候变化中的能源弹性。可扩展性和多燃料能力将有助于满足服务不足群体的能源需求，以及极端天气事件下的整个社区。 该项目将开发一种多燃料试验燃烧器，可以清洁地将当地城市固体废物转化为液体和气体燃料，并在最小的后处理条件下燃烧它们。 这里解决的废物基燃料清洁和高效燃烧的挑战是：（1）适应燃料成分和性质的变化;（2）高粘性油/冷凝物燃料的高效和低排放燃烧。 第1阶段的目标包括：（1）预选韦科提供的废物-燃料转化工艺;（2）演示（1）中产生的废物-燃料的有效燃烧。 预选确定了废物到燃料的路径，燃料灵活的先导燃烧室的关键部件将在第二阶段的韦科设施进行现场测试。在第二阶段，还将根据与韦科和贝勒社会工作学院合作的社区概况，对比例分析进行审查。除了传统的出版物外，研究成果还将通过美国国家科学基金会的公众门户项目、与韦科和使命韦科Urban Reap的合作，在贝勒的梅伯恩博物馆通过非正式教育进行传播，并通过贝勒的实验室到市场团队进行商业化。生活在不断变化的气候中：该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。