SBP: CAREER: Race, Gender, and the Science of Science

SBP：职业：种族、性别和科学

• 批准号: 2045007
• 负责人: Hannah Rubin
• 金额: $ 49.25万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2045007&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBP; CAREER; Race; Gender; Science

The "science of science" has recently exploded in popularity as researchers turn scientific methods of investigation around to investigate the practice of science itself. While some attention has been paid to issues of marginalization and representation, these concerns have generally not been brought to bear on other questions within the science of science regarding how to enhance scientific progress. The research component of this project fills the resulting gaps in our understanding. The project demonstrates when attempts to improve science not only further entrench (or even amplify) current injustices, but backfire, ultimately impeding scientific progress. Moreover, it examines how ideas spread throughout diverse communities, both providing insight into how current inequities hinder scientific progress and illuminating questions surrounding belief spread and polarization. Finally, it uncovers hidden, unsuspected roadblocks for marginalized groups and suggests potential remedies, promoting diversity in scientific fields. This research component is intertwined with teaching and outreach components, with initiatives including the development of courses discussing diverse methods used to investigate scientific practice (e.g., from philosophy, history, sociology, science of science), a national workshop for members of underrepresented/marginalized groups intending to pursue research in the science of science, and innovative K-12 STEM programming which demonstrates the importance of diversity in action.This project employs tools from evolutionary game theory and network science to provide a picture of how aspects of social identity, e.g. race and gender, matter both to scientific progress and to how researchers scientifically investigate the institution of science. These tools, which capture the dynamics of scientists' interactions and the structure of scientific communities, enable the project to integrate insights from feminist philosophy of science with insights from science of science, to the benefit of both fields. Many theories in the science of science take for granted that there are the same credit incentives, chances of work being published and cited, etc. for all scientists, regardless of social identity. Yet, as has long been recognized within feminist philosophy of science, these considerations matter: researchers are excluded or marginalized according to social identity, and scientific progress is hampered by the resulting lack of diverse ideas and perspectives. This project reveals how our understanding of how to achieve well-functioning science can change drastically once social identity is taken into account. Meanwhile, the scientific tools used in this project have clear power to illuminate questions of interest to feminist philosophers of science, e.g. how communication networks within scientific communities influence knowledge generation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着研究人员将科学的调查方法转向调查科学本身的实践，“科学的科学”最近受到了广泛的欢迎。虽然对边际化和代表性问题给予了一些注意，但这些关切一般没有涉及到科学科学中关于如何促进科学进步的其他问题。这个项目的研究部分填补了我们在理解上的空白。该项目表明，改进科学的尝试不仅会进一步巩固（甚至放大）当前的不公正，而且会适得其反，最终阻碍科学进步。此外，它还研究了思想如何在不同的社区中传播，既提供了对当前不平等如何阻碍科学进步的见解，也阐明了围绕信仰传播和两极分化的问题。最后，它为边缘群体揭示了隐藏的、未预料到的障碍，并提出了潜在的补救措施，促进了科学领域的多样性。这一研究组成部分与教学和推广组成部分交织在一起，其举措包括开发课程，讨论用于调查科学实践的各种方法（例如，从哲学、历史、社会学、科学科学），为有意从事科学研究的代表性不足/边缘化群体成员举办国家研讨会，以及创新的K-12 STEM计划，这表明了多样性在行动中的重要性。该项目采用进化博弈论和网络科学的工具，提供了社会身份的各个方面，如种族和性别，如何影响科学进步和研究人员如何科学地调查科学机构的图片。这些工具捕捉了科学家互动的动态和科学界的结构，使该项目能够将来自科学的女性主义哲学的见解与来自科学的科学的见解结合起来，从而使两个领域都受益。科学中的许多理论理所当然地认为，无论社会身份如何，所有科学家都有相同的信用激励机制、工作被发表和引用的机会等。然而，正如女权主义科学哲学长期以来所认识到的那样，这些考虑因素很重要：研究人员因社会身份而被排斥或边缘化，科学进步因缺乏多样化的思想和观点而受到阻碍。这个项目揭示了一旦考虑到社会身份，我们对如何实现功能良好的科学的理解如何发生巨大变化。与此同时，本项目中使用的科学工具具有明确的力量，可以阐明女权主义科学哲学家感兴趣的问题，例如，科学界内部的通信网络如何影响知识的产生。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Structural causes of citation gaps

引文差距的结构性原因

• DOI: 10.1007/s11098-021-01765-3
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Philosophical Studies
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Rubin, Hannah

Priority and privilege in scientific discovery

科学发现的优先权和特权

• DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.08.005
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A
• 作者: Rubin, Hannah;Schneider, Mike D.
• 通讯作者: Schneider, Mike D.

Not so fast with fast funding

快速融资的速度没那么快

• DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2129016
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Accountability in Research
• 作者: Holmes, Abigail;Rubin, Hannah
• 通讯作者: Rubin, Hannah