CAREER: The Atmospheric Energy Variability of Tropical-Extratropical Interactions Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Equatorial Waves

有组织的热带对流可以在季节内时间尺度上产生变化模式。两个主要的热带模态是马登-朱利安振荡（MJO）和对流耦合赤道波（CCEWs）。它们可以产生影响大气层外的扰动（即，中纬度风暴路径和极端天气事件）。相反，中纬度大气扰动可以传播到热带地区，影响MJO和CCEW。该项目旨在提高我们对与MJO和CCEW相关的热带-外热带相互作用的理解。新出现的结果有可能改善亚季节到季节的预测，提高国家的天气预报能力，并促进我们对气候变化的理解。该项目的活动包括对研究人数不足的学生进行培训，并扩大俄克拉荷马州K-12学生对大气科学的兴趣。这些活动将激励下一代的不同科学家。与MJO和CCEW相关的热带-热带外相互作用的潜在机制仍然不清楚。主要的研究目标是从能量学的角度来理解这些相互作用背后的物理过程。该项目旨在揭示（1）与热带-热带外相互作用相关的大气能量变率，（2）天气-气候时间尺度之间能量交换的作用，以及（3）热带和热带外运动学和热力学变率在多大程度上由它们的相互作用维持。研究人员将使用各种诊断技术分析再分析和卫星数据，以了解维持与MJO和CCEW相关的全球能量异常的机制。该项目将整合K-12夏季亲自课程，将艺术和科学融合在一起，以教育有关全球大气环流，包括热带和热带外的相互作用。开发的教育活动模块将在网上和通过K-12教师培训讲习班共享。这些研究和教育活动是研究人员职业生涯的基础，以促进和广泛传播热带-外热带相互作用的知识。本项目由气候和大尺度动力学（CLD）计划下的大气和地球空间科学（AGS）部门和促进竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Organized tropical convection can produce modes of variability on the intraseasonal timescale. Two prominent tropical modes are the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). They can generate disturbances that influence the extratropical atmosphere (i.e., the mid-latitude storm track and extreme weather events). Conversely, midlatitude atmospheric disturbances can propagate into the tropics to influence the MJO and CCEWs. This project aims to improve our understanding of the tropical-extratropical interactions associated with the MJO and CCEWs. Emerging results have the potential to improve subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction, enhance the nation’s capability for weather forecasting, and advance our understanding of climate change. The project activities include the training of underrepresented students in research and broadening interests in atmospheric science among K-12 students in Oklahoma. These activities will inspire the next generation of diverse scientists.The underlying mechanisms of the tropical-extratropical interactions associated with the MJO and CCEWs are still unclear. The main research goal is to understand the physical processes underlying these interactions from the energetics perspectives. The project intends to reveal (1) the atmospheric energy variability associated with tropical-extratropical interactions, (2) the role of energy exchanges among weather-to-climate timescales, and (3) how much of the tropical and extratropical kinematic and thermodynamic variabilities are sustained by their interactions. The investigator will analyze reanalysis and satellite data using various diagnostic techniques to understand the mechanisms that maintain global energy anomalies associated with the MJO and CCEWs. The project will integrate a K-12 summer in-person course that blends art and science to educate about the global atmospheric circulation including tropical-extratropical interactions. The developed educational activity modules will be shared online and through K-12 teacher training workshops. These research and educational activities serve as the foundation of the investigator’s career-long vision to advance and broadly disseminate the knowledge of tropical-extratropical interactions.This project is jointly funded by the division of Atmosphere and Geospace Science (AGS) under the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics (CLD) program and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.