CAREER: The Atmospheric Energy Variability of Tropical-Extratropical Interactions Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Equatorial Waves

有组织的热带对流可以在季节内时间尺度上产生变率模式。两个突出的热带模式是麦登-朱利安涛动（MJO）和对流耦合赤道波（CCEWs）。它们可以产生干扰，影响温带大气（即中纬度风暴路径和极端天气事件）。相反，中纬度大气扰动可以传播到热带，影响MJO和CCEWs。该项目旨在提高我们对与MJO和CCEWs相关的热带-温带相互作用的理解。新出现的结果有可能改善亚季节到季节的预测，增强国家天气预报的能力，并促进我们对气候变化的理解。项目活动包括培训代表性不足的学生进行研究，并扩大俄克拉荷马州K-12学生对大气科学的兴趣。这些活动将激励下一代多样化的科学家。与MJO和CCEWs相关的热带-温带相互作用的潜在机制尚不清楚。主要的研究目标是从能量学的角度理解这些相互作用的物理过程。该项目旨在揭示(1)与热带-温带相互作用相关的大气能量变率，(2)天气-气候时间尺度之间能量交换的作用，以及(3)有多少热带和温带的运动学和热力学变率是由它们的相互作用维持的。研究人员将使用各种诊断技术分析再分析和卫星数据，以了解维持与MJO和CCEWs相关的全球能量异常的机制。该项目将整合K-12的夏季面对面课程，将艺术和科学结合起来，教育人们有关全球大气环流的知识，包括热带-温带相互作用。开发的教育活动模块将在网上和通过K-12教师培训讲习班共享。这些研究和教育活动是研究人员职业生涯长期愿景的基础，以推进和广泛传播热带-温带相互作用的知识。该项目由气候和大规模动力学（CLD）计划下的大气和地球空间科学部（AGS）和刺激竞争研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Organized tropical convection can produce modes of variability on the intraseasonal timescale. Two prominent tropical modes are the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). They can generate disturbances that influence the extratropical atmosphere (i.e., the mid-latitude storm track and extreme weather events). Conversely, midlatitude atmospheric disturbances can propagate into the tropics to influence the MJO and CCEWs. This project aims to improve our understanding of the tropical-extratropical interactions associated with the MJO and CCEWs. Emerging results have the potential to improve subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction, enhance the nation’s capability for weather forecasting, and advance our understanding of climate change. The project activities include the training of underrepresented students in research and broadening interests in atmospheric science among K-12 students in Oklahoma. These activities will inspire the next generation of diverse scientists.The underlying mechanisms of the tropical-extratropical interactions associated with the MJO and CCEWs are still unclear. The main research goal is to understand the physical processes underlying these interactions from the energetics perspectives. The project intends to reveal (1) the atmospheric energy variability associated with tropical-extratropical interactions, (2) the role of energy exchanges among weather-to-climate timescales, and (3) how much of the tropical and extratropical kinematic and thermodynamic variabilities are sustained by their interactions. The investigator will analyze reanalysis and satellite data using various diagnostic techniques to understand the mechanisms that maintain global energy anomalies associated with the MJO and CCEWs. The project will integrate a K-12 summer in-person course that blends art and science to educate about the global atmospheric circulation including tropical-extratropical interactions. The developed educational activity modules will be shared online and through K-12 teacher training workshops. These research and educational activities serve as the foundation of the investigator’s career-long vision to advance and broadly disseminate the knowledge of tropical-extratropical interactions.This project is jointly funded by the division of Atmosphere and Geospace Science (AGS) under the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics (CLD) program and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.