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CAREER: Universal SiC-Based Power Converters for Renewable Energy Systems

职业：用于可再生能源系统的通用 SiC 功率转换器

基本信息

批准号：
2047213
负责人：
Mahshid Amirabadi
金额：
$ 50万
依托单位：
Northeastern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-03-01 至 2026-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2047213&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Universal SiC Based Power

项目摘要

Power converters are vital to renewable energy systems and key components in enabling the integration of renewable energy sources into the utility grid. However, high failure rates, large volume and weight, and the high cost of power converters can often restrict the grid penetration of clean energy. Wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, including those made of silicon carbide, are a promising solution for improving power converters, but their merits cannot be fully realized with current converter topologies. The goal of this CAREER plan is to create high power density and ultra-reliable converters by combining wide-bandgap devices with new universal converter topologies that have an ability to eliminate less reliable components commonly used in power converters, such as electrolytic capacitors, as well as bulky components like low frequency transformers. These improvements will contribute to the long-term research goal of the PI, which is to realize ultra-high-performance renewable energy systems. The PI’s long-term educational goals are to increase diversity in engineering and train the next generation of engineers who are aware of the major challenges in the power electronics field and well-prepared for addressing the future energy needs of the United States. There is an obvious need for a more diverse workforce in the energy fields. This project will create an opportunity for several graduate and undergraduate students, including students from underrepresented groups, to learn about wide-bandgap-based power converters and their applications in renewable energy systems. The proposed research is relevant to a wide range of applications, but, for the scope of this work, the PI and her team will focus on renewable energy systems and microgrid applications. Silicon carbide devices offer significant advantages at the device level, including dramatically higher switching frequency. Despite significant device-level advantages, simply substituting silicon carbide semiconductors for their silicon counterparts will not result in significant improvements to a converter. For instance, in power converters that involve transferring the power from a source to a load with unequal instantaneous values of power, such as single-phase inverters, the size of passive components is not reduced by increasing the switching frequency and use of silicon carbide devices. These converters typically employ large electrolytic capacitors, which have high failure rates. A primary component of this proposal is that it includes a total elimination of low reliability electrolytic capacitors as well as low frequency transformers in all power converters. This will be achieved by creating novel, single-stage multi-port silicon carbide-based converter topologies that accomplish power conversion between any type of source and load, including dc, single-phase ac or multi-phase ac, in one stage, thereby eliminating the need for cascaded converters and decoupling capacitors. These topologies are inspired by isolated dc-dc converters, which can use high frequency transformers instead of low frequency transformers and will be complemented with the use of soft-switching techniques. The input side and output side switches cannot be controlled independently in these converters. The main challenge is the complex control of these converters, especially when the link current/voltage ripple values are large. Therefore, conventional modulation techniques cannot be used. In this project modified modulation techniques will be developed for these converters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

功率转换器对于可再生能源系统至关重要，也是实现可再生能源并入公用电网的关键组件。然而，功率转换器的故障率高、体积和重量大以及成本高往往会限制清洁能源的电网渗透。宽带隙半导体器件，包括由碳化硅制成的器件，是改进功率转换器的有前途的解决方案，但它们的优点无法通过电流转换器拓扑充分实现。该职业计划的目标是通过将宽带隙器件与新的通用转换器拓扑相结合来创建高功率密度和超可靠的转换器，该拓扑能够消除功率转换器中常用的不太可靠的组件（例如电解电容器）以及笨重的组件（例如低频变压器）。这些改进将有助于PI的长期研究目标，即实现超高性能的可再生能源系统。 PI 的长期教育目标是增加工程多样性，并培训下一代工程师，让他们了解电力电子领域的主要挑战，并为满足美国未来的能源需求做好充分准备。能源领域显然需要更加多元化的劳动力。该项目将为几名研究生和本科生（包括来自代表性不足群体的学生）创造机会，了解基于宽带隙的功率转换器及其在可再生能源系统中的应用。拟议的研究与广泛的应用相关，但是，就这项工作的范围而言，PI 和她的团队将重点关注可再生能源系统和微电网应用。碳化硅器件在器件层面具有显着的优势，包括显着提高的开关频率。尽管具有显着的器件级优势，但简单地用碳化硅半导体代替硅半导体不会对转换器带来显着改进。例如，在涉及将功率从电源传输到具有不等瞬时功率值的负载的功率转换器中，例如单相逆变器，无源元件的尺寸并没有通过增加开关频率和使用碳化硅器件来减小。这些转换器通常采用大型电解电容器，其故障率很高。该提案的一个主要组成部分是，它包括完全消除所有电源转换器中的低可靠性电解电容器以及低频变压器。这将通过创建新颖的单级多端口碳化硅转换器拓扑来实现，该拓扑可在一级中完成任何类型的电源和负载（包括直流、单相交流或多相交流）之间的功率转换，从而消除对级联转换器和去耦电容器的需要。这些拓扑的灵感来自于隔离式 DC-DC 转换器，它可以使用高频变压器代替低频变压器，并将辅以软开关技术的使用。在这些转换器中，输入侧和输出侧开关不能独立控制。主要挑战是这些转换器的复杂控制，特别是当链路电流/电压纹波值很大时。因此，不能使用传统的调制技术。在该项目中，将为这些转换器开发改进的调制技术。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。