CAREER: Human-Centric Automation in the Built Environment

职业：建筑环境中以人为本的自动化

• 批准号: 2047317
• 负责人: Michael Kane
• 金额: $ 76.3万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2047317&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Human; Centric; Automation; Built

Buildings, electric grids, and other aspects of the built environment are becoming increasingly automated to satisfy both complex societal objectives and individuals’ needs. As one example, utility demand response programs currently increase building cooling temperature setpoints to reduce peak summer energy loads, but this can lead to uncomfortable and frustrated occupants who override those setpoints to maintain comfort. Such overrides increase strain on the electric grid and induce financial losses resulting from the failure to deliver promised energy management. The objective of this Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) project is to enable the design of automation in the built environment that models human physiological and behavioral responses to changing environmental temperature conditions to satisfy competing objectives of energy management and occupant comfort. This project will use laboratory-based human subject studies and field studies involving 100 consumer households to develop methods and models for understanding how human thermal comfort and behavior (thermal setpoint control overrides) adapt to dynamic thermal environments. The goal is to develop an adaptive controller that incorporates a dynamic model of occupant comfort, which will allow temporary comfort deviations that nevertheless avoid setpoint overrides. The project will advance the NSF mission to promote the progress of science and to advance national health, prosperity, and welfare by advancing a fundamental understanding of the complex dynamics that arise through the joint optimization of building heating and air conditioning system energy consumption and occupant comfort. A synergistic education program with an urban vocational high school will translate research findings into an applied curriculum. The goal of which is to train the next generation of building technicians and engineers to be effective and equitable in the operation of building automation systems. The goal of this CAREER project is to investigate human thermal comfort and interactions with the smart thermostat devices to mitigate conflict between energy management systems and building occupants by designing automated controls that avoid user overrides. This project’s research plan follows an iterative design procedure involving human psychophysiological testing, behavior modeling, and control system design. Laboratory studies of human behavior in response to environmental thermal transients will guide streamlined field experiments to be performed in 100 homes in partnership with a leading smart-thermostat manufacturer. A model of human psychophysiological behavior dynamics will be developed based on the resulting experimental data. Machine learning techniques will be used to improve estimator performance. Emergent behaviors arising from the interaction of users and a variety of existing and novel robust- and optimal-controllers will be evaluated through simulations and field tests. Consideration will be given to issues of equity across populations and environmental contexts. The development of occupant-behavior models and environmental controller design will be integrated into learning exercises in which future engineers and technicians explore human-centric automation in the built environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

建筑物，电网和建筑环境的其他方面越来越自动化，以满足复杂的社会对象和个人的需求。作为一个例子，公用事业需求响应计划目前会增加建筑冷却温度设定点以减少夏季能源负载，但这可能会导致不舒服和沮丧的乘员覆盖这些设定点以保持舒适度。这种替代增加了电网的压力，并导致由于未能提供承诺的能源管理而导致的财务损失。这个教师早期职业发展计划（职业）项目的目的是使在建筑环境中设计自动化，以对人类的生理和行为反应进行对改变环境温度条件的反应，以满足能源管理和居住者舒适的竞争目标。该项目将使用涉及100个消费者家庭的基于实验室的人类学科研究和现场研究，以开发用于了解人类热舒适和行为（热设定点控制覆盖）如何适应动态热环境的方法和模型。目的是开发一个自适应控制器，该控制器结合了动态的乘员舒适模型，这将允许临时舒适偏离，尽管如此，避免设定点覆盖。该项目将通过推进对建筑供暖和空调系统能源消耗和职业舒适度的联合优化来促进对国家健康，繁荣和福利提高科学进步并提高国家健康，繁荣和福利的促进的任务。与城市高中的协同教育计划将把研究结果转化为应用课程。其目的是培训下一代建筑技术人员和工程师，以在建筑自动化系统的运行中有效和公平。这个职业项目的目标是调查人类的热舒适度以及与智能恒温器设备的互动，以通过设计自动化控制措施来减轻能源管理系统和建筑物职业之间的冲突，以避免用户覆盖用户。该项目的研究计划遵循涉及人类心理生理测试，行为建模和控制系统设计的迭代设计程序。针对环境热瞬变的人类行为的实验室研究将指导精简的现场实验，以与领先的智能热稳定制造商合作在100家房屋中进行。将根据所得的实验数据开发人类心理生理行为动力学的模型。机器学习技术将用于提高估计器性能。通过用户的相互作用以及各种现有和新颖的健壮和最佳控制器的考虑，将考虑跨种群和环境环境的公平问题，引起的紧急行为。乘员行为模型和环境控制者设计的开发将集成到学习练习中，其中未来的工程师和技术人员在建筑环境中探索以人为中心的自动化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Ten questions concerning occupant-centric control and operations

有关以乘员为中心的控制和操作的十个问题

• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110518
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Building and Environment
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Nagy, Zoltan;Gunay, Burak;Miller, Clayton;Hahn, Jakob;Ouf, Mohamed M.;Lee, Seungjae;Hobson, Brodie W.;Abuimara, Tareq;Bandurski, Karol;André, Maíra
• 通讯作者: André, Maíra