CAREER: The Role of Classical Cryptography in Quantum Computing
职业:经典密码学在量子计算中的作用
基本信息
- 批准号:2048204
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 50万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2021-02-15 至 2026-01-31
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In recent years, intriguing connections between classical cryptography and quantum computing have emerged. Quantum algorithms have been crucial in developing leading cryptographic assumptions, such as learning with errors, and concepts such as no-signaling have been used to build classical cryptographic protocols. In the last couple of years, a series of papers revealed another surprising, entirely different facet of this relationship: it was shown that classical cryptography could be used to address fundamental questions in quantum computing, such as whether quantum computers can be classically verified, or whether uniquely quantum properties, such as the inherent randomness in quantum computations, can be classically controlled. This project seeks to explore the ways in which classical cryptography can be used to harness the power of quantum computers. The interface between quantum computing and classical cryptography is largely unexplored, and the results mentioned above only hint at the potential impact of this field. This impact could span several areas, including both theoretical and experimental physics, complexity theory and of course cryptography and quantum computing. A major step in realizing this impact is to recruit both students and more senior researchers to the area. It will take significant effort to make quantum computing more approachable to computer scientists, and the investigator seeks to focus on making progress towards this goal, through education, mentoring and interdisciplinary collaboration. The investigator will build on recent work which has shown that classical cryptography can be used to verify quantum computations, both generally and in more restricted settings. The properties of these protocols are not yet fully understood, and one objective of this project is to gain a better understanding of the extent to which cryptographic techniques can be used to characterize quantum machines. While the work on verification clearly shows that classical cryptography is useful in testing quantum devices, the connection between cryptography and quantum computing seems to have many more facets, as demonstrated by recent work which shows that cryptography can be used as a means of employing quantum computers for useful tasks. To do so, classical cryptography is used to leverage quantum properties, such as the inherent randomness generated in quantum computations. The second aspect of this project focuses on further exploration of this connection: can new, classically impossible primitives be built by combining uniquely quantum properties and classical cryptography? The study of these two general directions will yield insight into the power and limitations of quantum computers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
近年来,经典密码学和量子计算之间出现了有趣的联系。量子算法在开发领先的密码假设方面发挥了关键作用,例如在错误中学习,而无信号等概念已被用于构建经典密码协议。在过去的几年里,一系列的论文揭示了这种关系的另一个令人惊讶的、完全不同的方面:它表明,经典密码学可以用来解决量子计算中的基本问题,比如量子计算机是否可以被经典验证,或者独特的量子属性,比如量子计算中固有的随机性,是否可以被经典控制。该项目旨在探索如何使用经典密码学来利用量子计算机的能力。量子计算和经典密码学之间的接口在很大程度上还没有被探索,上面提到的结果只是暗示了这个领域的潜在影响。这种影响可能会跨越几个领域,包括理论和实验物理、复杂性理论,当然还有密码学和量子计算。实现这一影响的一个重要步骤是在该地区招收学生和更多的高级研究人员。要让量子计算更接近计算机科学家,将需要付出巨大的努力,研究人员寻求通过教育、指导和跨学科合作,专注于朝着这一目标取得进展。这位研究人员将在最近的工作基础上再接再厉,这些工作表明,经典密码学可以用于验证量子计算,无论是在一般情况下还是在更有限的环境中。这些协议的性质还没有完全了解,这个项目的一个目标是更好地了解密码技术可以在多大程度上用来表征量子机器。虽然验证工作清楚地表明,经典密码学在测试量子设备方面是有用的,但密码学和量子计算之间的联系似乎有更多的方面,最近的工作表明,密码学可以用作利用量子计算机执行有用任务的一种手段。为此,经典密码学被用来利用量子属性,例如在量子计算中产生的固有随机性。这个项目的第二个方面专注于进一步探索这种联系:通过将独特的量子属性和经典密码学相结合,能否建立新的、传统上不可能的原语?对这两个大方向的研究将使人们深入了解量子计算机的能力和局限性。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
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