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CAREER: The success of viral endosymbionts within and between host populations

职业：宿主群体内部和之间病毒内共生体的成功

基本信息

批准号：
2048214
负责人：
Mark Stenglein
金额：
$ 89.48万
依托单位：
Colorado State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-05-01 至 2026-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2048214&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER success viral endosymbionts within

项目摘要

This project has three main goals. First, it seeks to better understand how viruses shape the biology and evolution of their hosts beyond the typical view that viruses are entities that make their hosts acutely sick. New evidence has revealed that viruses are just as ubiquitous in all living organisms as are the bacteria that form the microbiome. In addition to playing important roles in the lives of their hosts, some of these viruses might be co-opted to combat diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other vectors. Second, this project seeks to equip budding scientists with the computational skills they will need to thrive in a new era of big data in Biology. This will increase the competitiveness of these individuals by arming them with increasingly essential skills for working in the bioeconomy. This education will take the form of training of individual students, an existing graduate course, a new undergraduate course that takes evidence-based measures to foster participation and success of female students, and three annual workshops. Third, through collaboration with experts in citizen science and science outreach, this project will engage the public in a crowdsourced sample collection effort. The citizen scientists will not only contribute valuable samples and data that would be otherwise unobtainable but will also make their own inquiries about important scientific concepts relating to viruses and the nature of science. The educational resources we will develop will be suitable for use in classrooms or homes.Bacterial endosymbionts can shape the evolution and ecology of their hosts in profound ways. One goal of NSF is to support basic research, and this proposal meets this goal by examining viral endosymbionts. Emerging evidence from metagenomics is revealing that there exists a previously unappreciated group of viruses that have similar properties, are just as common, and might also play a significant role in the lives of their hosts. The proposed research focuses on one of these viruses, a remarkably successful “viral endosymbiont” of Drosophila melanogaster called galbut virus. Galbut virus is ubiquitous in wild populations of these fruit flies, and exemplifies two paradoxes associated with vertically transmitted symbionts. First, despite efficient biparental vertical transmission, which modeling indicates should drive infection to fixation, only 60% of individual flies are infected. Second, despite a seeming reliance on vertical transmission, there is substantial evidence that galbut virus readily jumps into new host species. Proposed experiments combine genetics, genomics, infection experiments, and crowdsourced field sampling to explore the dynamics of this fascinating virus within and between host populations. This will contribute to a more accurate understanding of the evolutionary and ecological impact of viruses beyond their role as acute pathogens. Broader impacts include the training of graduate and undergraduate students, 3 annual workshops (2 existing and one new), and a new undergraduate course in computational microbiology that will be implemented in an evidence-based manner to encourage participation and success of female students. The proposed citizen-science based sample collection and outreach program will empower volunteers to make their own inquiries about the nature and practice of science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目有三个主要目标。首先，它试图更好地理解病毒是如何塑造宿主的生物学和进化的，而不是传统的观点，即病毒是使宿主急性生病的实体。新的证据表明，病毒和构成微生物群的细菌一样，在所有生物体中无处不在。除了在宿主生命中发挥重要作用外，其中一些病毒可能被用来对抗由蚊子和其他媒介传播的疾病。其次，该项目旨在为崭露头角的科学家提供他们在生物学大数据新时代茁壮成长所需的计算技能。这将提高这些人在生物经济领域工作的基本技能，从而提高他们的竞争力。这种教育将采取以下形式：个别学生的培训、现有的研究生课程、采取循证措施促进女学生参与和成功的新本科课程，以及三次年度研讨会。第三，通过与公民科学和科学推广方面的专家合作，该项目将使公众参与众包样本收集工作。公民科学家不仅将提供宝贵的样本和数据，否则将无法获得，而且还将对与病毒和科学本质有关的重要科学概念进行自己的调查。我们将开发的教育资源将适合在教室或家庭使用。细菌内共生体可以以深刻的方式塑造宿主的进化和生态。NSF的目标之一是支持基础研究，而本提案通过检查病毒内共生体来实现这一目标。来自宏基因组学的新证据表明，存在一组以前未被认识到的病毒，它们具有相似的特性，同样常见，并且可能在其宿主的生命中发挥重要作用。拟议的研究重点是其中一种病毒，一种非常成功的“病毒内共生体”黑腹果蝇galbut病毒。Galbut病毒在这些果蝇的野生种群中普遍存在，并举例说明了与垂直传播共生体相关的两个悖论。首先，尽管有效的双亲本垂直传播（模型表明这应该会导致感染固定），但只有60%的个体苍蝇被感染。第二，尽管似乎依赖垂直传播，但有大量证据表明，galbut病毒很容易跳到新的宿主物种中。拟议的实验结合了遗传学、基因组学、感染实验和众包现场抽样，以探索这种迷人病毒在宿主群体内部和之间的动态。这将有助于更准确地了解病毒作为急性病原体之外的进化和生态影响。更广泛的影响包括对研究生和本科生的培训，3个年度研讨会（2个现有的和一个新的），以及一门新的计算微生物学本科课程，该课程将以基于证据的方式实施，以鼓励女学生的参与和成功。拟议的以公民科学为基础的样本收集和推广计划将使志愿者能够对科学的本质和实践提出自己的疑问。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。