Analysing trade-offs between the energy and social performance of urban morphologies

城市规划决策通常具有长期的影响，既影响能源性能，也影响人们的体验和城市的外观。一旦一个城市或城区建成，这些地区的问题开始出现，改善往往只能缓解症状，很少能解决根本问题。因此，重要的是在规划过程的早期适当地解决这些问题。今天的城市设计目标往往把能源效率放在前台。但是，仅仅考虑能源性能并不能创造出宜居和可持续的城市环境。除了生态层面，可持续设计还必须考虑社会层面。然而，这往往难以实施，特别是在规划阶段，因此并不总是得到充分考虑。在这种背景下，可持续城市规划的一个未解决的问题是根据其社会影响来解释城市结构，并根据其社会和能源绩效相关方面系统地评估城市设计建议。在这个项目中，我们将研究城市结构的能源性能方面与居民对城市的看法之间的关系。在第一步，我们的项目侧重于评估苏黎世和魏玛示范性城市结构的社会和能源性能数据。为此，本文首先在实证研究的基础上对空间结构的情感影响进行定量测量，然后将现有的基于计算机的分析方法扩展到新的方面。对于能量分析，我们借鉴了现有的方法。第二步，通过将经验数据与基于计算机的分析结果相关联，从社会和能源相关方面对城市结构进行比较。基于这种比较的结果，可以从用户行为和感知等社会方面解释城市结构的计算措施。在第三步，我们利用这一点来开发方法，以找到最佳的折衷解决方案，同时很好地实现社会和能源绩效方面。在我们的研究中，我们关注城市规划的两个核心领域：街道网络的定义和建筑质量的分布，这被统称为城市形态。这个项目的结果使得使用基于计算机的分析方法和简单的设计模型来预测规划决策对社会和能源绩效的影响，并为这两个方面制定折衷方案成为可能。随着城市化的增加，这些规划方面对于确保可持续的城市规划至关重要。

Urban planning decisions usually have long-term implications that affect both the energy performance, as well as people's experience and the appearance of a city. Once a city or urban quarter is built and problems in these areas start to arise, improvements can often only relieve the symptoms, and rarely address the roots. It is therefore important to address these issues appropriately and early in the planning process.Today's urban design goals often put energy efficiency in the foreground. But energy performance considerations alone do not make livable and sustainable urban environments. In addition to the ecological dimension, sustainable design must likewise consider the social dimension. However, this is often difficult to operationalize, especially in the planning phase, and is consequently not always sufficiently taken into account. In this context, an unsolved problem for sustainable urban planning is to interpret urban structures in terms of their social implications and to systematically evaluate urban design proposals in terms of their social and energy performance related aspects.In this project we will investigate the relationships between energy performance aspects of urban structures and the perception of a city by its inhabitants. In the first step, our project is focused on the assessment of social and energy performance data of exemplary urban structures in Zurich and Weimar. To this end, we develop methods to firstly measure the emotional impact of spatial structures quantitatively based on empirical studies and secondly to extend the existing computer-based analytical methods to new aspects. For the energy analysis, we draw on existing methods. In the second step, we compare urban structures according to social and energy-related aspects by correlating the empirical data with the results of computer-based analyses. Based on the results of this comparison it is possible to interpret the calculated measures for urban structures in terms of social aspects such as user behavior and perception. In the third step, we draw on this to develop methods to find the best compromise solutions that fulfill social and energy performance aspects equally well. In our study we focus on two central fields of action in urban planning: the definition of street networks and the distribution of building masses, which are collectively referred to as urban morphology.The results of this project make it possible, using computer-based analysis methods and simple design models, to forecast the social and energy performance implications of planning decisions, and to develop compromises for both dimensions. These planning aspects are crucial to ensure sustainable urban planning as urbanization increases.