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ERASE-PFAS: Collaborative Research: Development of Quantitative Tools to Assess the Mechanisms and Full Potential of UV-ARPs for the Treatment of PFASs in Water

ERASE-PFAS：合作研究：开发定量工具来评估 UV-ARP 处理水中 PFAS 的机制和全部潜力

基本信息

批准号：
2050934
负责人：
Garrett McKay
金额：
$ 34.9万
依托单位：
Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2050934&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
ERASE PFAS Collaborative Research Development

项目摘要

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of man-made chemicals that have been widely used for many decades. PFAS contain numerous carbon-fluorine bonds that makes them extremely stable. This stability has led to them being called “forever chemicals.” The broad use of PFAS has resulted in widespread contamination of soil and water. This finding is of great concern, as PFAS exposure have been linked to serious health effects, such as cancer and birth defects. The urgency of this problem is made greater because PFAS are resistant to most conventional chemical and biological water treatment processes. One new technology that has shown promise for PFAS destruction in water is Advanced Reduction Processes (ARPs). ARPs produce electrons in water, which can react with PFAS to degrade halogenated compounds like PFAS. The goal of this project is to determine the potential of ARPs for remediating PFAS contaminated water. This goal will be achieved through research to: i) identify the important reactions occurring in the electron-based PFAS destruction process, and ii) develop quantitative tools for predicting PFAS degradation in ARP systems. Successful completion of this research holds promise to develop new technology to effectively treat PFAS contaminated water. Additional benefits to society result from increasing the Nation’s STEM workforce through the engagement and training of graduate and undergraduate students in research, as well as training of high school STEM teachers during summer training programs.Hydrated electrons are one of the strongest known reductants. Recent studies show that the hydrated electron is capable of reducing fluorine atoms in PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS, to non-toxic fluoride. However, a significant barrier preventing application of hydrated electrons for PFAS destruction is the lack of quantitative knowledge of hydrated electron-based processes in real-world waters. The goal of this project is to develop the quantitative data and tools necessary to assess the full potential of Ultraviolet-based Advanced Reduction Processes (UV-ARP) by addressing the underlying mechanistic limitations of hydrated electron-based PFAS degradation. This overall goal will be realized by focusing on three complementary objectives to: i) characterize the hydrated electron-based destruction efficiencies of parent PFAS and absolute fluoride yields, ii) develop the quantitative methods needed to predict PFAS degradation rates by UV-ARPs in real-world waters, and iii) use these quantitative tools to develop a “best case” UV-ARP treatment and compare this optimized system to other PFAS degradation technologies. These objectives will be accomplished using state-of-the-science time-resolved and steady-state radiolysis, combined with bench-scale UV-ARP experiments and kinetic modeling. The research will be integrated with education and outreach through high school STEM teacher training programs and engagement of undergraduate researchers at a primarily undergraduate institution. Additional benefits to society result from the sharing of research findings and recommendations for water treatment practitioners through partnership with the Orange County Water District, one of the largest full-scale advanced water treatment facilities in the Nation. Successful completion of this research will advance the fundamental science and engineering potential of ARPs for PFAS treatment in real-world waters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

PFAS（全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质）是一组已广泛使用数十年的人造化学品。 PFAS 含有大量碳氟键，使其极其稳定。这种稳定性使它们被称为“永远的化学品”。 PFAS 的广泛使用导致了土壤和水的广泛污染。这一发现令人非常担忧，因为接触 PFAS 与严重的健康影响有关，例如癌症和出生缺陷。由于 PFAS 对大多数传统的化学和生物水处理工艺具有抵抗力，因此该问题变得更加紧迫。高级还原工艺 (ARP) 是一项有望消除水中 PFAS 的新技术。 ARP 在水中产生电子，电子可以与 PFAS 发生反应，降解 PFAS 等卤代化合物。该项目的目标是确定 ARP 修复 PFAS 污染水的潜力。这一目标将通过研究来实现：i) 确定基于电子的 PFAS 破坏过程中发生的重要反应，ii) 开发用于预测 ARP 系统中 PFAS 降解的定量工具。这项研究的成功完成有望开发出有效处理 PFAS 污染水的新技术。通过研究生和本科生的研究参与和培训，以及在暑期培训项目中对高中 STEM 教师的培训，增加国家的 STEM 劳动力，这会给社会带来额外的好处。水合电子是已知最强的还原剂之一。最近的研究表明，水合电子能够将 PFAS（包括 PFOA 和 PFOS）中的氟原子还原为无毒的氟化物。然而，阻碍水合电子用于 PFAS 破坏的一个重要障碍是缺乏对现实水域中水合电子过程的定量了解。该项目的目标是开发必要的定量数据和工具，通过解决水合电子基 PFAS 降解的潜在机制限制来评估基于紫外线的高级还原工艺 (UV-ARP) 的全部潜力。这一总体目标将通过关注三个互补目标来实现：i) 表征母体 PFAS 的水合电子破坏效率和绝对氟化物产量，ii) 开发预测真实世界水域中 UV-ARP 的 PFAS 降解率所需的定量方法，以及 iii) 使用这些定量工具开发“最佳情况”UV-ARP 处理并将该优化系统与其他系统进行比较 PFAS 降解技术。这些目标将通过使用最先进的时间分辨和稳态辐射分解，并结合小型 UV-ARP 实验和动力学模型来实现。该研究将通过高中 STEM 教师培训计划以及主要本科院校的本科生研究人员的参与与教育和推广相结合。通过与美国最大的全面先进水处理设施之一奥兰治县水区合作，为水处理从业者分享研究成果和建议，为社会带来额外的好处。这项研究的成功完成将提高 ARP 在现实水域中处理 PFAS 的基础科学和工程潜力。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。