Doctoral Dissertation Research: Aging, activity patterns and function in modern foragers

博士论文研究：现代觅食者的衰老、活动模式和功能

• 批准号: 2051519
• 负责人: David Raichlen
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-15 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2051519&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Aging; activity

Aspects of lifestyle play an important role in shaping how individuals age, but most of what we know about human senescence stems from work with industrialized populations, who do not represent the full range of lifestyles modern humans engage in. This doctoral dissertation project will examine human aging in a non-industrialized population, and evaluate how aspects of lifestyle contribute to age-related patterns of physical and cognitive function. This project will help create a broader picture of how humans experience growing older across a range of biosocial contexts, and so advance our fundamental knowledge about human senescence. The project will inform public health research by examining whether certain aspects of aging can be mitigated through elements of lifestyle. Furthermore, by employing an interdisciplinary approach to the study of aging, this project will strengthen research infrastructure ties among several institutions and departments, and also contribute to the professional development of women in STEM fields. In industrialized populations, growing older is associated with declines in physical and cognitive function that limit independence and increase risk of disability. Large-scale epidemiological studies indicate that engaging in high levels of physical activity (PA) may attenuate age-related declines in function. It is not clear, then, whether the age-related functional declines seen in industrialized populations are inevitable aspects of human senescence or by-products of sedentary industrialized lifestyles. This project will examine variation in lifestyle and aging in hunter-gatherer populations that currently include members who continue to engage in full-time foraging, and others who engage in more market-integrated lifestyles with less reliance on foraging. The project tests the overarching hypothesis that variation in engagement in traditional foraging practices is associated with distinctive PA profiles that benefit age-related patterns of physical and cognitive function. Researchers will recruit participants (ages 18+) from communities who engage in different amounts of foraging, and participants will complete tests of physical and cognitive function. Participants will also wear an accelerometer for several days, allowing researchers to characterize patterns of PA. The researchers will compare age-related patterns of function for non-industrialized and industrialized populations, as well as assess whether amount of foraging is related to variation in age-related patterns of function. They will also use formal mediation analyses to assess how patterns of PA influence the relationship between age, function, and amount of foraging.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生活方式的各个方面在塑造个人衰老方面发挥着重要作用，但我们对人类衰老的大部分了解都源于对工业化人口的研究，这些人口并不代表现代人类所从事的全部生活方式。这个博士论文项目将研究非工业化人口中的人类老龄化，并评估生活方式的各个方面如何有助于与年龄相关的身体和认知功能模式。这个项目将有助于创造一个更广泛的画面，人类如何在一系列生物社会背景下经历衰老，从而推进我们对人类衰老的基本知识。该项目将通过研究是否可以通过生活方式的元素来减轻衰老的某些方面来为公共卫生研究提供信息。此外，通过采用跨学科的方法来研究老龄化，该项目将加强几个机构和部门之间的研究基础设施联系，并有助于STEM领域妇女的专业发展。在工业化人口中，年龄的增长与身体和认知功能的下降有关，这限制了独立性并增加了残疾的风险。大规模的流行病学研究表明，从事高水平的体力活动（PA）可以减轻与年龄相关的功能下降。因此，目前尚不清楚工业化人口中与年龄相关的功能衰退是人类衰老的必然方面，还是久坐不动的工业化生活方式的副产品。该项目将研究狩猎采集者群体的生活方式和老龄化的变化，这些群体目前包括继续从事全职觅食的成员，以及其他参与更多市场整合生活方式，较少依赖觅食的成员。该项目测试了总体假设，即传统觅食实践中的参与变化与独特的PA配置文件相关，这些配置文件有利于与年龄相关的身体和认知功能模式。研究人员将从从事不同数量觅食的社区招募参与者（18岁以上），参与者将完成身体和认知功能的测试。参与者还将佩戴加速度计数天，使研究人员能够表征PA的模式。研究人员将比较非工业化和工业化人口与年龄相关的功能模式，并评估觅食量是否与年龄相关的功能模式的变化有关。他们还将使用正式的调解分析，以评估PA的模式如何影响年龄，功能和觅食量之间的关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。