COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Laminated soil carbonate rinds as a tool for investigating late Quaternary climate-vegetation links
合作研究:层压土壤碳酸盐外皮作为研究晚第四纪气候-植被联系的工具
基本信息
- 批准号:2051585
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 5.75万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Drylands such as those found in the western United States are characterized by high precipitation variability and seasonally-high temperatures. Climate change is likely to affect both, increasing the chances of drought in the future. Plants are the base of the food chain, so it is important to understand how they respond to climate variability. This research seeks to further develop a new way of creating detailed histories of past vegetation, soil temperature, and soil water evaporation. These histories, which can go back tens of thousands of years, are preserved in a mineral, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), that forms in soils. These minerals grow incrementally, century after century, on the undersides of rocks to form 'laminated soil carbonate rinds'. Prevailing vegetation composition, temperature, and degree of soil water evaporation are recorded in the carbon and oxygen chemistry (isotopes) that make up each layer. Carbonate rinds from several locations in the Capitol Reef / Boulder Mountain region of southern Utah will provide detailed records extending back approximately 40,000 years. Isotopic records from these rinds will be compared to other records regionally and globally to get a better understanding of the causes of climate and vegetation change in southern Utah. The research will answer questions such as: How do plant distributions change in response to changes in soil temperature and evaporation? How does climate change influence plant distributions at different elevations? How comparable are the records from one location to another? In addition to the new knowledge about plant responses to climate change, this study will benefit the national geoscience workforce through (1) training a new generation of geoscience professional at the undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels (2) providing continuing education for national park staff, and (3) bringing immersive scientific outreach experiences to under-served high school students.Laminated soil carbonate rinds form on the undersides of soil clasts (ranging from pebbles to boulders) in many dryland regions worldwide. On long-lived, stable geomorphic surfaces, rinds can grow for 10s to 100s of kiloyears, and can present ordered, continuous, and detailed (century-scale) stratigraphies of past conditions, as recorded by stable isotopes. The long-lived geomorphic surface and laminated rind are analogous to a cave and speleothem; laminated rinds are by extension a promising, but underutilized, critical zone archive recording past climate and vegetation processes. In his previous work, the investigators developed a single rind-based climate and vegetation record from the Capitol Reef region of southern Utah spanning 5 – 35 ka. They showed how Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)-based delta 13C and delta 18O records, along with temperature information provided by clumped isotope thermometry, can be used to reconstruct changes in the fraction of C4 vegetation on the ancient landscape, delta 18O-soil water, and past soil temperature. In the present work, they address important questions related to replicability on local to regional scales and, within the context of existing Quaternary records from the western United States, demonstrate the investigative power of this critical zone archive for paleoclimate studies: Does each rind record the story of just one soil, or can records be extrapolated laterally? How does rind location within the soil (shallow versus deep) affect the record? How do records change across an elevation transect? Are triple oxygen isotopes in rind carbonate sensitive to evaporation? To answer these questions, they will focus on a core set of four rinds spanning an elevation transect from 1750 to 2500 m on the Johnson Mesa and Torrey Bench geomorphic surfaces (paleo-debris flows) near Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Six additional rinds will be used to investigate a wider geographic range, and to investigate the effects of soil depth. They will develop a detailed radiocarbon age model for each profile, and analyze rind delta13C and delta18O via high spatial-resolution SIMS (~10 µm spot diameter; centennial resolution). Clumped and triple oxygen isotope profiles will be generated in higher resolution (ca. 2-3 kyr/sample) for the core rinds, and for key intervals (e.g. recent, mid-Holocene, LGM) for the six additional profiles. They will make paleoclimate inferences based on modern datasets of soil temperature, pCO2, soil moisture, and rainfall. The proposed research will result in several detailed climate records with novel insight into ancient dryland critical zones, a better understanding of what kind of information the records provide, and a guide for how to best apply the stable surface – laminated rind approach elsewhere. Broader societal impacts of the work include the training of undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students in the geosciences, continuing education for Capitol Reef National Park staff in local geology and geomorphology, and a Friends of the Pleistocene field trip focusing on this region. They will also develop a new soils, CO2, and climate module for the University of Michigan's Earth Camp program, which provides promising high school students from underserved communities in Detroit with week-long science camp experiences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
旱地,如在美国西部发现的旱地,其特点是高降水变异性和季节性高温。气候变化可能会影响这两方面,增加未来干旱的可能性。植物是食物链的基础,因此了解它们如何应对气候变化是很重要的。这项研究旨在进一步开发一种新的方法来创建过去植被、土壤温度和土壤水分蒸发的详细历史。这些可以追溯到数万年前的历史,被保存在土壤中形成的一种矿物碳酸钙(CaCO3)中。这些矿物质一个世纪又一个世纪地在岩石的底部逐渐生长,形成“层状土壤碳酸盐外壳”。主要植被组成、温度和土壤水分蒸发程度记录在构成每一层的碳和氧化学(同位素)中。来自犹他州南部Capitol Reef / Boulder Mountain地区几个地点的碳酸盐外壳将提供大约40,000年前的详细记录。来自这些海洋的同位素记录将与区域和全球的其他记录进行比较,以便更好地了解犹他州南部气候和植被变化的原因。这项研究将回答以下问题:植物分布如何随着土壤温度和蒸发的变化而变化?气候变化如何影响不同海拔的植物分布?从一个地点到另一个地点的记录可比性如何?除了关于植物对气候变化响应的新知识外,本研究还将通过以下途径使国家地球科学工作人员受益:(1)培养新一代的本科、研究生和博士后水平的地球科学专业人员;(2)为国家公园工作人员提供继续教育;(3)为服务不足的高中生带来身临其境的科学推广体验。在世界上许多干旱地区,在土壤碎屑(从鹅卵石到巨石)的底部形成层状土壤碳酸盐外壳。在长寿命的、稳定的地貌表面上,表层可以生长几十到几百年,并且可以呈现出有序的、连续的、详细的(世纪尺度的)过去条件的地层,这是由稳定的同位素记录的。长期存在的地貌表面和层状外壳类似于洞穴和洞穴;层压外壳是一个有前途的,但未充分利用的关键区域档案,记录了过去的气候和植被过程。在他之前的工作中,研究人员从犹他州南部的Capitol Reef地区开发了一个基于单一环的气候和植被记录,跨度为5 - 35 ka。他们展示了基于次级离子质谱(SIMS)的δ 13C和δ 18O记录,以及由团块同位素测温提供的温度信息,可以用来重建古代景观上C4植被的比例变化,δ 18O土壤水,以及过去的土壤温度。在目前的工作中,他们解决了与地方到区域尺度上的可复制性相关的重要问题,并在美国西部现有第四纪记录的背景下,展示了这一关键区域档案对古气候研究的调查能力:每个外壳是否记录了一种土壤的故事,或者记录可以横向外推?皮在土壤中的位置(浅还是深)如何影响记录?记录在高程样带上是如何变化的?碳酸盐岩中的三氧同位素对蒸发敏感吗?为了回答这些问题,他们将重点关注犹他州国会礁国家公园附近约翰逊梅萨和托里Bench地貌表面(古泥石流)海拔1750米至2500米的四个核心环。另外6个轮毂将用于调查更广泛的地理范围,并调查土壤深度的影响。他们将为每个剖面开发一个详细的放射性碳年龄模型,并通过高空间分辨率SIMS (~10 μ m斑点直径;百年分辨率)分析环三角洲<s:1> 13C和<s:1>三角洲<s:1> 18O。将以更高的分辨率(约2-3 kyr/样品)生成岩心壳的团块和三重氧同位素剖面,以及其他6个剖面的关键区间(如近期、中全新世、LGM)。他们将根据土壤温度、二氧化碳分压、土壤湿度和降雨等现代数据集进行古气候推断。拟议的研究将产生一些详细的气候记录,对古代旱地关键地带有新的见解,更好地理解记录提供了什么样的信息,并为如何最好地在其他地方应用稳定的表面层压外壳方法提供指导。这项工作的更广泛的社会影响包括对地球科学本科生、研究生和博士后的培训,对国会礁国家公园工作人员进行当地地质和地貌学的继续教育,以及对该地区的更新世之友实地考察。他们还将为密歇根大学的地球夏令营项目开发一个新的土壤、二氧化碳和气候模块,该项目为来自底特律服务不足社区的有前途的高中生提供为期一周的科学夏令营体验。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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David Marchetti其他文献
David Marchetti的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('David Marchetti', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: A Continuous 60,000 Year Sediment Record Documenting Abrupt to Precession-Scale Climate Change and Ecosystem Response at Fish Lake UT, Upper CO River Basin
合作研究: 60,000 年的连续沉积物记录记录了科罗拉多州上游流域鱼湖 UT 的突然进动规模的气候变化和生态系统响应
- 批准号:
2102285 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 5.75万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Late Pleistocene paleoclimatology from soil carbonate pendants in the Colorado Plateau.
合作研究:科罗拉多高原土壤碳酸盐下垂物的更新世晚期古气候学。
- 批准号:
1325225 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 5.75万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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- 批准号:10774081
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