Collaborative Research: MSA: Tree crown economics: testing and scaling a functional trait-based theory

合作研究：MSA：树冠经济学：测试和扩展基于功能性状的理论

• 批准号: 2106058
• 负责人: David Nelson
• 金额: $ 6.99万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-15 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2106058&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; MSA; Tree; crown

Climate change is subjecting trees to new environmental conditions and it is increasingly important to understand how trees respond to these changes. While ecologists have long known that tree crown architecture (the arrangement and orientation of leaves within a tree crown) can be an important way that trees adapt and acclimate to environmental change, there is not well-established theory or techniques for measuring crown architecture. This study tests novel theory and applies new technologies for measuring crown architecture, including from automated cameras mounted to nine National Ecological Observation Network (NEON) towers in the eastern USA, and from accompanying laser ranging (LiDAR) measurements from the NEON Airborne Observation Platform (AOP). By testing how measured differences in crown architecture relate to coincident airborne and satellite measurements of tree productivity, the research can inform ecological models and forest management techniques aimed at maximizing sustainable forest growth. The research team includes students from West Virginia University (WVU) participating in a research experience for undergraduates (REU) program, as well as hundreds of sixth-graders and their teachers making tree architecture and productivity measurements from a “Sustainability Treehouse” used by the WVU Science Adventure School.Complementing the successful theory of leaf economics, the research develops a trait-based theory of crown economics. First, by measuring the trait of mean leaf angle from new time-lapse cameras mounted to nine NEON towers and the Sustainability Treehouse, and traits of crown density and rugosity from NEON AOP LiDAR data, the researchers assess theory positing that economic tradeoffs drive co-variation in these three crown traits. Second, the researchers examine the role of crown traits in driving patterns of near-infrared reflectance from vegetation (NIRv), as measured by: (1) tower-mounted phenocams, (2) NEON AOP spectral data, and (3) Landsat phenology metrics of peak NIRv reflectance and the rate of NIRv “greendown” within a growing season. The research team uses spatial variability within and across the sites to test that the annual peak of NIRv (and correlated rates of water, carbon, and albedo fluxes) is higher in denser, but less rugose, crowns that have more horizontal leaf angles. And, the team uses temporal variability to gauge the degree to which rates of NIRv greendown are driven by increasingly vertical leaf angles through the growing season. Thus, by analyzing these relationships among crown traits and NIRv, the research can demonstrate how predictions of crown economic theory can elucidate new mechanisms controlling local- to continental-scale responses of forests to climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候变化正在使树木处于新的环境条件下，了解树木对这些变化的反应越来越重要。尽管生态学家长期以来都知道树皇冠建筑（树冠中的叶子的布置和方向）可能是树木适应环境变化和适应环境变化的重要方式，但没有建立良好的理论或技术来测量冠状建筑。这项研究测试了新的理论，并应用了新技术来测量冠型结构，包括从安装到美国东部的九个国家生态观察网络（NEON）塔的自动化相机，以及来自参与的激光范围（LIDAR）的测量值。通过测试冠状体系结构的测量差异如何与树木生产力的巧合型机载和卫星测量有关，该研究可以为旨在最大化可持续森林增长的生态模型和森林管理技术提供信息。研究团队包括来自西弗吉尼亚大学（WVU）的学生，参加了本科生（REU）计划的研究经验，以及数百名六年级学生及其老师，从WVU Science School.com上使用“可持续性树”使用的“可持续性树”使用的“可持续性树屋”进行了研究。首先，通过测量从安装到九个霓虹灯塔和可持续性树屋的新型延时摄像机的平均叶角特征，以及来自霓虹灯AOP LIDAR数据的冠状密度和脆弱性的特征，研究人员评估了经济折衷的理论，认为这三个皇冠特征在这三个冠状特征中驱动了共同变化。其次，研究人员研究了冠状特征在植被（NIRV）近红外反射率的驱动模式中的作用，如以下测量量：（1）塔架上的苯检察，（2）NEON AOP频谱数据以及（3）Landsat landsat tobsoly tomolics of Peak NIRV反射率和NIRV“ Greendown of Nirv“ Greendown”的生长季节”。研究小组在整个站点内和整个站点内使用空间可变性，以测试NIRV的年峰值（以及水，碳和反照率通量的相关速率）在较密集但较少的皱纹冠状冠上较高，具有更高的水平叶角。而且，该团队使用临时变异性来评估NIRV Greendown的速率在整个生长季节中受到垂直叶角的驱动。 That, by analyzing these relationships among crown traits and NIRv, the research can demonstrate how predictions of crown economic theory can elucidate new mechanisms controlling local- to continuoustal-scale responses of forests to climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed honestly of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

项目成果

Tree crown economics

树冠经济学

• DOI: 10.1002/fee.2588
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
• 影响因子: 10.3
• 作者: McNeil, Brenden E;Fahey, Robert T;King, Christopher J;Erazo, Dara A;Heimerl, Ty Z;Elmore, Andrew J
• 通讯作者: Elmore, Andrew J