Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Bridging the gap between fluid and plasma scales in AGN jets

当物质落入超大质量黑洞时，它会形成一个物质盘。在黑洞的极端环境中，可以产生从圆盘流出的物质射流。这些喷流是高能宇宙射线和中微子的有希望的来源，可以在地球上探测到。这个项目将产生这些喷流中粒子加速的计算机模型。该项目将结合两种技术，以更好地了解宇宙射线和中微子是如何以及在哪里产生的。这些技术也可以应用于其他宇宙射线源，如伽马射线暴和脉冲星。该项目还将开发一个互动网站，介绍研究的最新进展。这个网站将与一整天的研讨会结合起来，使高中生能够使用这些材料。还将制定一项计划，将天体物理学的讨论带到纽约市地区的施粥处。这个奖项推进了“宇宙大创意之窗”的目标。天体物理喷流中粒子加速的建模将使用相对论磁流体力学和细胞内粒子代码来完成，这些代码可以将小尺度非热过程与大尺度流体模型联系起来。所采用的方法将允许开展中等规模的研究，将两种不同的法规制度联系起来。然后将辐射过程模型应用于中等尺度模型的输出，以产生预期来自射流内不同区域和过程的可靠辐射特征。这项工作中使用的方法也可以应用于伽马射线暴、双中子星合并和脉冲星风星云。该项目还将为本科生提供研究机会。该项目将开发一个名为“宇宙射线天体物理实验室”的互动网站，可用于本科和高中设置。这些材料在高中的使用将由教育工作者和学生全天的工作台辅助。该项目还将实施一个名为“天文汤”的项目，在为纽约市无家可归者提供食物的同时，还将进行更有组织的天体物理学主题讨论。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

When matter falls into supermassive black holes, it forms a disk of material. Jets of matter streaming away from the disk can be produced in the extreme environment of a black hole. These jets are promising sources of high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos that can be detected on Earth. This project will produce computer models of the acceleration of particles in these jets. The project will combine two techniques to provide a better understanding of how and where cosmic rays and neutrinos are produced in jets. The techniques can also be applied to other sources of cosmic rays, such as gamma ray bursts and pulsars. The project will also develop an interactive website that introduces the latest developments of the research. This website will be combined with day-long workshops to make the material accessible to high-school students. A program will also be developed to bring astrophysics discussions to soup kitchens in the New York City area. This award advances the goals of the Windows on the Universe Big Idea.Modeling of the acceleration of particles in astrophysical jets will be done with relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and particle-in-cell codes that can tie small scale non-thermal processes with larger scale fluid models. The approach used will allow for the development of mid-scale studies linking the regimes of the two different codes. Models of radiative processes will then be applied to the output of the mid-scale models to produce reliable radiative signatures expected from different regions and processes within the jets. The approach used in this work can be also applied to gamma ray bursts, double neutron star mergers, and pulsar wind nebulae. The project will also provide research opportunities for undergraduate students. The project will develop an interactive website called "Astrophysics Lab on Cosmic Rays" which can be used in both undergraduate and high-school settings. Use of the materials in the high-schools will be assisted by day-long worktops for educators and students. The project will also implement a program called "Astro-soup", where serving food to the homeless in NYC will be accompanied by a more structured discussion on astrophysical topics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.