Multiphase Chemistry of Air Pollutants from Urban Cured-In-Place-Pipes Installations: Unrecognized Source of Atmospheric Micro- and Nano-Plastics

城市就地固化管道装置产生的空气污染物的多相化学：大气中微塑料和纳米塑料的未知来源

• 批准号: 2107946
• 负责人: Alexander Laskin
• 金额: $ 45.95万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2107946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multiphase; Chemistry; Air; Pollutants; Urban

Air pollution is a national and global problem with significant adverse impact on human health and wellbeing. Nationwide, there is a growing concern about the emissions of gaseous and particulate air pollutants from urban CIPP (Cured-in-Places-Pipes) installations. The CIPP process is widely utilized to repair leaking sanitary and storm sewer pipes in urban areas. Recent studies have shown that CIPP emissions consist of complex mixtures of gaseous and liquid organic pollutants containing significant amounts of micro- and nano-plastic particles (MNPs). Because of their low degradation rates and persistence in environmental media (soils, water and air), MNPs pose long-term threats to ecosystems. MNPs are also easily transferred to human bodies through ingestion and inhalation, posing a potential threat to public health. The goal of this project is to investigate the chemical composition of urban CIPP emissions with a focus on the secondary-formed and directly emitted airborne MNPs. The successful completion of this project will benefit society through the generation of new fundamental knowledge that could inform the design and operations of CIPP installations to control, reduce and minimize the formation and release of MNPs. Further benefits to society will be achieved through student education and training including the mentoring of two doctoral students.Despite the growing concern about urban air pollution from CIPP installations, a fundamental understanding of the multiphase chemistry, reactivity, and environmental/health impacts of MNPs from CIPP emissions has remained elusive. The goal of this research is to characterize the composition and multiphase physical chemistry of urban CIPP emissions. To advance this goal, the PI proposes to combine field sampling, laboratory experiments and advanced analytical characterization. First, the PI proposes to fractionate laboratory and field samples from representative and simulated CIPP emissions into three fractions: 1) water- and solvent-soluble organic fractions, 2) dried (lyophilized) colloids, and 3) individual colloidal particles. For the characterization of the CIPP soluble organic fractions, the PI proposes to combine high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) interfaced with soft ionization sources [i.e., electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photo-chemical ionization (APPI/APCI)] to obtain a broad account of the polar and nonpolar organic compounds that might be present in CIPP emissions. For the dried (lyophilized) CIPP colloidal fractions, the PI proposes to combine particle flow cytometry with dynamic light scattering to characterize their particle size distributions. Finally, the PI proposes to combine Raman microscopy, SEM (with EDX), and synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) complemented by near edge X-ray absorption fine Structure (NEXAFS) to image and analyze the composition of the individual particles (e.g., MNPs) present in the dried (lyophilized) CIPP colloidal fractions. The successful completion of the proposed research could lead to a comprehensive characterization of MNPs and gaseous/liquid organic pollutants from CIPP emissions ultimately providing new fundamental knowledge to guide the design and operations of CIPP installations to control, reduce and minimize urban air pollution.This award is jointly funded by the Environmental Engineering program of the NSF/ENG/CBET Division and the Environmental Chemical Sciences program of the NSF/MPS/CHE Division.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

空气污染是一个国家和全球性问题，对人类健康和福祉产生重大不利影响。在全国范围内，人们越来越关注城市CIPP（现场固化管道）装置排放的气体和颗粒空气污染物。CIPP工艺被广泛用于修复城市地区泄漏的卫生和雨水管道。最近的研究表明，CIPP排放物由气态和液态有机污染物的复杂混合物组成，其中含有大量的微米和纳米塑料颗粒（MNP）。由于其低降解率和在环境介质（土壤、水和空气）中的持久性，MNPs对生态系统构成长期威胁。MNP也很容易通过摄入和吸入转移到人体，对公众健康构成潜在威胁。该项目的目标是调查城市CIPP排放物的化学组成，重点是二次形成和直接排放的空气中的MNP。该项目的成功完成将通过产生新的基础知识来造福社会，这些知识可以为CIPP装置的设计和操作提供信息，以控制，减少和最大限度地减少MNP的形成和释放。通过学生教育和培训，包括两名博士生的指导，将进一步造福社会。尽管CIPP装置对城市空气污染的关注日益增加，但对CIPP排放的MNP的多相化学，反应性和环境/健康影响的基本理解仍然难以捉摸。本研究的目标是表征城市CIPP排放物的组成和多相物理化学。为了推进这一目标，PI建议将联合收割机现场取样、实验室实验和先进的分析表征相结合。首先，PI建议将来自代表性和模拟CIPP排放物的实验室和现场样品压裂成三个部分：1）水溶性和溶剂溶性有机部分，2）干燥（冻干）胶体和3）单个胶体颗粒。对于CIPP可溶性有机馏分的表征，PI建议将联合收割机高效液相色谱（HPLC）和高分辨率质谱（HRMS）与软电离源结合[即，电喷雾电离（ESI）和大气压光化学电离（APPI/APCI）]，以获得可能存在于CIPP排放中的极性和非极性有机化合物的广泛说明。对于干燥（冻干）CIPP胶体组分，PI建议将联合收割机颗粒流式细胞术与动态光散射相结合，以表征其粒度分布。最后，PI建议将联合收割机拉曼显微镜、SEM（带EDX）和基于同步加速器的扫描透射X射线显微镜（STXM）结合起来，并辅以近边缘X射线吸收精细结构（NEXAFS），以成像和分析单个颗粒的组成（例如，在干燥（冻干）CIPP胶体级分中存在的MNP）。拟议研究的成功完成可能会导致全面表征MNP和CIPP排放的气态/液态有机污染物，最终提供新的基础知识，以指导CIPP装置的设计和操作，减少和最大限度地减少城市空气污染。该奖项由NSF/ENG/该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Field evidence for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species in atmospheric aerosol containing quinoline components

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119406
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Atmospheric Environment
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Wenjun Zhang;Haoran Yu;A. Hettiyadura;V. Verma;A. Laskin

Multi-modal chemical characterization of highly viscous submicrometer organic particles

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2023.2266494
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Aerosol Science and Technology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: A. Morales;Brianna N. Peterson;Steven A. L. Sharpe;Shelby M Huston;J. Tomlin;F. Rivera-Adorno;R. Moffet;Alla Zelenyuk;Alexander Laskin

Diversity of organic components in airborne waste discharged from sewer pipe repairs

• DOI: 10.1039/d3em00084b
• 发表时间: 2023-09-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Morales，Ana C.;West，Christopher P.;Laskin，Alexander
• 通讯作者: Laskin，Alexander

Atmospheric emission of nanoplastics from sewer pipe repairs

• DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01219-9
• 发表时间: 2022-10-06
• 期刊: NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 38.3
• 作者: Morales, Ana C.;Tomlin, Jay M.;Laskin, Alexander
• 通讯作者: Laskin, Alexander