A Uniform Survey of TESS M dwarf Planets with MAROON-X

该团队将使用双子座北天文台的MAROON-X光谱仪对所有围绕m矮星的TESS候选行星进行后续光谱观测。他们将找到这些行星的轨道，以及高精度的质量和密度。该团队还将尝试确定地球-超级地球（1 - 10地球质量）范围内m -矮行星的质量分数。这项工作的目标之一是确定未来大型地基和天基望远镜追踪的有趣目标。在工作结束时，MAROON-X仪器将从双子座北的客座仪器过渡到设施仪器。该团队将培养一名博士后，并为来自弱势群体的本科生提供研究机会。该团队将使用MAROON-X仪器对tess观测到的v波段16等的M矮星进行径向速度观测，并记录行星凌日。将径向速度数据（精度为30厘米/秒）与凌日信息相结合，可以推断出行星的质量在10%以内，从而推断出行星的总体组成。该小组将观测38颗行星，其中20颗可能是岩石行星。这些测量应该允许对M矮星周围1-10个地球质量范围内的行星进行首次统计分析，M矮星占我们银河系恒星的75%。MAROON-X已经投入使用，目前在Gemini North作为客座仪器运行。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The team will use the MAROON-X spectrograph on the Gemini North observatory to conduct follow-up spectroscopic observations of all TESS candidate planets around M-dwarf stars. They will find orbits for these planets, as well as masses and densities to high precision. The team will also attempt to determine the mass fraction for M-dwarf planets in the Earth – Super-Earth regime (1 – 10 Earth masses). One of the objectives of the work is to identify interesting targets for follow-up by future large ground-based and space-based telescopes. At the conclusion of the work, the MAROON-X instrument will transition from being a guest instrument on Gemini North to being a facility instrument. The team will train a post-doc, and provide research opportunities to undergraduates from under-represented groups.The team will use the MAROON-X instrument to make radial velocity observations of TESS-observed M dwarf stars at V-band magnitudes of at 16 where planetary transits are recorded. The combination of the radial velocity data, at a precision of 30 cm/sec, with the transit information will allow inference of the planet’s mass to within 10%, allowing for inference of the planet’s bulk composition. The team will observe 38 planets, of which 20 are potentially rocky. These measurements should allow for the first statistical analysis of planets in the 1-10 Earth mass range around M dwarf stars, which make up 75% of the stars in our galaxy. MAROON-X has been commissioned, and is currently operating as a guest instrument at Gemini North.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.