IMPACTS OF RAPID LANDSCAPE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY ON VIRUS HOST SPECIFICITY

快速景观变化和生物多样性对病毒宿主特异性的影响

• 批准号: 2109860
• 负责人: Christine Johnson
• 金额: $ 250万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2109860&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IMPACTS; RAPID; LANDSCAPE; CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY

Rapid changes to landscapes and the biodiversity of plants and animals are altering relationships between microbes and their natural hosts with direct implications for human health. This study investigates the impacts of deforestation, landscape change, and biodiversity on virus characteristics that determine zoonotic potential, including virus “host plasticity”, which is the diversity of host species a virus can infect in nature. Previous work has indicated that higher virus host plasticity is linked to increased likelihood of human-to-human transmission and wider geographic spread. This project seeks to understand whether landscape and biodiversity change drive microbes towards greater host plasticity and therefore heightened pandemic risk. Findings from this research will contribute to ecological theory on the impact of environmental changes on microbial adaptation, with practical implications for management of ecosystems at high risk for pathogen spillover. This research is especially relevant to public authorities seeking evidence on the relationship between environmental change, biodiversity, disease outbreaks, and pandemics. Training opportunities provided through this project will help foster a network of cross-trained scientists interested in disease dynamics, public health and animal health who will strengthen One Health research into the future. Viruses have more opportunities to adapt to new hosts at the edge of ecosystem boundaries, which could influence virus host plasticity and increase spillover risk as new ecosystem edges are formed through habitat fragmentation. To test this hypothesis, this research investigates the host range of bat-borne coronaviruses and mosquito-borne arboviruses (flaviviruses, alphaviruses and bunyaviruses) across replicated gradients of landscape change and community composition in the biodiverse tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Theoretical and computational modeling, underpinned by field investigations and in vitro experiments, will evaluate (1) how virus host and vector plasticity changes at the edge of ecosystems, such as at the boundary between forest and urban habitats, 2) how virus host plasticity is related to virus epidemiology across landscapes, and 3) how intra-host genetic diversity of viruses is influenced by host and vector plasticity. Data and model driven insights will inform on the role that mosquito vectors play in constraining or expanding virus host plasticity and genetic diversity. Characterization of bat-borne coronaviruses and host affinities in an ecosystem with SARS-CoV-related viruses will further inform on coronavirus evolution and emergence of zoonotic potential. This study explores an important paradigm of functional relationships between biodiversity and public health to advance a mechanistic understanding of zoonotic virus emergence with potential to be generalized to other systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

景观和动植物生物多样性的迅速变化正在改变微生物与其自然宿主之间的关系，对人类健康产生直接影响。本研究调查了森林砍伐、景观变化和生物多样性对决定人畜共患潜力的病毒特性的影响，包括病毒的“宿主可塑性”，即病毒在自然界中可以感染的宿主物种的多样性。先前的研究表明，较高的病毒宿主可塑性与人际传播的可能性增加和更广泛的地理传播有关。该项目旨在了解景观和生物多样性变化是否会使微生物具有更大的宿主可塑性，从而增加大流行风险。本研究结果将有助于建立环境变化对微生物适应影响的生态学理论，并对病原体外溢高风险生态系统的管理具有实际意义。这项研究对寻求环境变化、生物多样性、疾病暴发和流行病之间关系证据的公共当局尤其重要。通过该项目提供的培训机会将有助于建立一个由对疾病动力学、公共卫生和动物卫生感兴趣的交叉训练的科学家组成的网络，他们将加强未来的“同一个健康”研究。病毒在生态系统边界边缘有更多的适应新宿主的机会，这可能会影响病毒宿主的可塑性，并随着栖息地破碎化形成新的生态系统边缘而增加溢出风险。为了验证这一假设，本研究调查了东南亚生物多样性热带森林中蝙蝠传播的冠状病毒和蚊子传播的虫媒病毒（黄病毒、甲病毒和布尼亚病毒）在景观变化和群落组成的复制梯度中的宿主范围。基于实地调查和体外实验的理论和计算模型将评估(1)病毒宿主和媒介的可塑性如何在生态系统边缘变化，例如在森林和城市栖息地之间的边界，2)病毒宿主的可塑性如何与跨景观的病毒流行病学相关，以及3)宿主和媒介的可塑性如何影响病毒的宿主内遗传多样性。数据和模型驱动的见解将告知蚊子载体在限制或扩大病毒宿主可塑性和遗传多样性方面所起的作用。在与sars冠状病毒相关的生态系统中，对蝙蝠传播的冠状病毒和宿主亲和力的表征将进一步了解冠状病毒的进化和人畜共患可能性的出现。本研究探索了生物多样性与公共卫生之间功能关系的一个重要范例，以推进对人畜共患病毒出现的机制理解，并有可能推广到其他系统。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The status of primates and primatology in Myanmar

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02662
• 发表时间: 2023-10-03
• 期刊: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Thompson，Carolyn;Lwin，Ngwe;Evans，Tierra Smiley
• 通讯作者: Evans，Tierra Smiley

Confirmation of Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Myanmar Extends Known Geographic Range of an Endangered Primate

缅甸天行白眉长臂猿（白眉长臂猿）的确认扩大了濒危灵长类动物的已知地理范围

• DOI: 10.1007/s10764-024-00418-6
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: International Journal of Primatology
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Aung, Pyae Phyo;Lwin, Ngwe;Aung, Tin Htun;Htike, Thura Soe;Thompson, Carolyn;Roos, Christian;Zaw, Sa Myo;Lum, L. Zawng;Oo, Win Naing;Sau, Zung
• 通讯作者: Sau, Zung