The end of the Pleistocene tundra steppe - interactions between vegetation, climate and large herbivores in Beringia during the late Quaternary (TUNDRA-STEPPE)

更新世苔原草原的末期——第四纪晚期白令陆桥植被、气候和大型食草动物之间的相互作用（苔原草原）

• 批准号: 247453756
• 负责人: Dr. Frank Kienast
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsstelle Potsdam
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/247453756?language=en
• 关键词: end; Pleistocene; tundra; steppe; interactions

The proposed research project intends to reveal the ecological interactions of climate, vegetation and large herbivores in the Arctic during the late Quaternary following an uniformitarianistic approach by combining palaeobotanical results with studies of modern plant communities in Yakutia, Russian Federation, the western part of the former subcontinent Beringia. The results are expected to give insights into structure and functioning of arctic biogeocenoses during the Pleistocene and will contribute to the understanding of their restructuring and massive depauperation in the course of the transition to the Holocene. Grazing effects on vegetation will be studied in the frame of the existent Pleistocene Park grazing experiment, which is conducted by the cooperative Northeast Science Station Cherskii to reconstitute a mammoth steppe like ecosystem experimentally at the lower course of the Kolyma River. The results of the Pleistocene Park experiment will be compared on the one hand with unaffected vegetation along the main, climatically controlled gradient from boreal forests to tundra and to relict steppe vegetation more inland in Yakutia as well as on the other hand with reconstructed Late Pleistocene palaeovegetation recorded in syngenetic permafrost deposits. Macroscopic plant remains are preserved in excellent condition in the permafrost section Duvanny Yar in close proximity to the Pleistocene Park experiment and will be used to reconstruct structure, composition and dynamics of the late Quaternary vegetation in NE-Siberia. Special focus will be devoted to the transition from the late glacial to the Holocene when mammoth fauna declined and the ecosystem restructuring in Northeast Siberia culminated. Interesting findings are also expected from the comparison of palaeovegetation during the last two interglacials: the Eemian (Kazantsevo), when vegetation was affected by megaherbivore grazing and the Holocene, when grazing held off. By combining both approaches, we will identify the relative proportions of climate and grazing as potential main drivers determining the characteristics of extant and Pleistocene vegetation in western Beringia.

拟议的研究项目旨在揭示气候，植被和大型食草动物在第四纪后期的生态相互作用，遵循均变论的方法，通过结合古植物学的结果与现代植物群落的研究在雅库特，俄罗斯联邦，前次大陆的西部Beringia。预计这些结果将深入了解北极更新世的结构和功能，并将有助于了解他们的重组和大规模的departenation在过渡到全新世的过程中。放牧对植被的影响将在现有的更新世公园放牧实验的框架内进行研究，该实验是由合作的东北科学站Cherskii在科雷马河下游进行的，以重建一个类似猛犸草原的生态系统。更新世公园实验的结果将进行比较，一方面与未受影响的植被沿着主要的，气候控制的梯度从北方森林苔原和残留草原植被更内陆的雅库特，以及在另一方面与重建晚更新世古植被记录在同生永冻土沉积。宏观植物遗骸保存在永久冻土层段Duvanny亚尔在靠近更新世公园实验，并将用于重建东北西伯利亚第四纪植被的结构，组成和动态的优良条件。特别关注从晚冰期到全新世的过渡，当时猛犸动物群减少，西伯利亚东北部的生态系统重组达到高潮。有趣的发现也预计在过去两个间冰期的古植被的比较：Eemian（Kazantsevo），当植被受到大型草食动物放牧和全新世，当放牧举行。通过结合这两种方法，我们将确定气候和放牧的相对比例，作为确定白令海西部现存和更新世植被特征的潜在主要驱动因素。