Windows on the Universe: Nuclear Astrophysics Observables of Supernovae and Neutron Stars

宇宙之窗：超新星和中子星的核天体物理学观测结果

• 批准号: 2110218
• 负责人: Zbigniew Chajecki
• 金额: $ 62.66万
• 依托单位: Western Michigan University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110218&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Windows; Universe; Nuclear; Astrophysics; Observables

The origin of the elements remains one of the most important questions in science today. Closely tied to this are questions of stellar burning and the characteristics of dense nuclear matter. This award will support research that addresses these questions directly. Specifically, this work addresses how heavy elements were formed and the dense nuclear environment involved in those processes. The experimental work of this program will help determine the density and momentum dependence of how neutrons and protons bind together to form nuclei beyond normal nuclear density and should help to resolve discrepancies between various theoretical calculations. Data collected will also help constrain what we know about the formation of heavy elements and heating of neutron star crusts. The measurements of the fission barriers of lead isotopes will initiate a larger program to measure the fission barriers of exotic nuclei far from stability. The PIs will provide direct training to both undergraduate and graduate students in a wide range of skills and techniques, which will prepare the students for challenging and important careers in STEM fields.The main objectives addressed by the proposed work are: (1) Continue research to improve constraints on the momentum and density dependence of the equation of state of neutron stars at FRIB, (2) Establish a program to measure fission barriers of exotic nuclei using a newly developed method of identifying exotic beams, (3) Continue the group’s ongoing mass measurement program in the FRIB era to explore the evolution of nuclear masses relevant to the r-process near the N∼70 subshell with new experiments and detector enhancements, (4) Pursue a student-run experiment to measure radiative capture cross sections of the heaviest p nucleus, 196Hg, (5) Improve the scientific outreach program through public talks on nuclear astrophysics to Jr. High students.This award addresses and advances the goals of the Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

元素的起源仍然是当今科学中最重要的问题之一。与此密切相关的是恒星燃烧和致密核物质的特性问题。该奖项将支持直接解决这些问题的研究。具体来说，这项工作解决了重元素是如何形成的，以及这些过程中所涉及的密集核环境。该计划的实验工作将有助于确定中子和质子如何结合在一起形成超出正常核密度的原子核的密度和动量依赖性，并应有助于解决各种理论计算之间的差异。收集到的数据还将有助于限制我们对重元素形成和中子星星壳加热的了解。 铅同位素裂变能垒的测量将启动一个更大的计划，以测量远离稳定的奇异核的裂变能垒。PI将为本科生和研究生提供广泛技能和技术的直接培训，这将为学生在STEM领域具有挑战性和重要的职业生涯做好准备。拟议工作的主要目标是：（1）继续研究改进FRIB中子星状态方程的动量和密度依赖性约束，（2）建立一个计划，使用新开发的识别奇异光束的方法测量奇异核的裂变势垒，（3）继续该小组在FRIB时代正在进行的质量测量计划，通过新的实验和探测器增强，探索与N 170次壳层附近r过程相关的核质量的演变，（4）进行一项学生运行的实验，以测量最重的p核196Hg的辐射俘获截面，（5）通过向Jr.公开谈论核天体物理学来改善科学推广计划。高中生。该奖项旨在解决和推进宇宙大创意窗口的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Possibility to Identify the Contributions from Collapsars, Supernovae, and Neutron Star Mergers from the Evolution of the r-process Mass Abundance Distribution

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac721c
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Y. Yamazaki;Zhenyu He;T. Kajino;G. Mathews;M. Famiano;Xiao-Dong Tang;Jian-rong Shi

Determination of energy-dependent neutron backgrounds using shadow bars

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2023.168341
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
• 作者: S. Paneru;K. Brown;F. Teh;K. Zhu;M. Tsang;D. DellAquila;Z. Chajecki;W. G. Lynch;S. Sweany;C. Tsang;A. Anthony;J. Barney;J. Estee;I. Gašparić;G. Jhang;O. Khanal;J. Manfredi;C. Niu;R.S. Wang;J. Zamora

Quenching of single-particle strengths in direct reactions

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.104.024608
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: J. Manfredi;J. Lee;A. Rogers;M. Tsang;W. G. Lynch;C. Anderson;J. Barney;K. Brown;B. Brophy;G. Cerizza;Z. Chajecki;G. Chen;J. Elson;J. Estee;H. Iwasaki;C. Langer;Z. Li;C. Loelius;C. Niu;C. Pruitt;H. Setiawan;R. Showalter;K. Smith;L. Sobotka;S. Sweany;S. Tangwancharoen;J. Winkelbauer;Z. Xiao;Z. Xu

Beam particle identification and tagging of incompletely stripped heavy beams with HEIST

使用 HEIST 对不完全剥离的重梁进行束粒子识别和标记

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0068180
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Review of Scientific Instruments
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Anthony, A. K.;Niu, C. Y.;Wang, R. S.;Wieske, J.;Brown, K. W.;Chajecki, Z.;Lynch, W. G.;Ayyad, Y.;Barney, J.;Baumann, T.
• 通讯作者: Baumann, T.

Proton and neutron exchange as a prelude to fusion at near-barrier energies

质子和中子交换是近势垒能量聚变的前奏

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.106.l011603
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Johnstone, J. E.;Singh, Varinderjit;Giri, R.;Hudan, S.;Vadas, J.;deSouza, R. T.;Ackermann, D.;Chbihi, A.;Hourdille, Q.;Abbott, A.
• 通讯作者: Abbott, A.