Rare Event Searches at MIT

麻省理工学院的罕见事件搜索

• 批准号: 2110720
• 负责人: Lindley Winslow
• 金额: $ 77.1万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110720&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rare; Event; Searches; MIT

The nature of dark matter is one of the great mysteries of physics. Second only to this is the mystery of the universe’s observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. Axions and Majorana neutrinos, respectively, are as-yet undiscovered particles which may participate in providing the answers. Axions are a well-motivated dark matter candidate while Majorana neutrinos can produce the matter antimatter asymmetry of the universe through a process called leptogenesis. Rare-event searches are the only feasible techniques to explore these models. For this reason, the types of experiments are the highest priority for particle and nuclear physics, respectively. This award will support two efforts: the search for micro-eV axions with ABRACADABRA and DMRadio, and the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) search KamLAND-Zen. These efforts build on the expertise within the MIT group, and both experimental efforts use novel multidisciplinary techniques from deep learning to quantum sensing.The broader impacts are two-fold: the development of robust vibration isolation for cryogenic experiments and the training of the next generation of scientists. This award will bring together disparate communities from gravitational wave detection to 0νββ for a workshop on vibration isolation. Undergraduate research is a priority for the PI since it is critical for recruiting and retaining physics students. This award will sponsor a study of undergraduate research at MIT and the development of best practices to engage a diverse group of students in STEM fields.The string and QCD axion models motivate a search for Axion dark matter with masses below 10^−6 eV. The ABRACADABRA and Dark Matter Radio experiments have joined forces to probe this mass-range as the DMRadio experiment. This is a staged program that builds on the success of ABRA-10 cm, expands to DMRadio-50L to test the resonant readout, then moves to higher frequencies at the m^3-scale to search down to the QCD axion. Neutrinoless double beta decay is sought in the KamLAND-Zen experiment. Deep learning techniques will be used for training and benchmarking the search algorithm. The tuning of the KLZ detector is non-trivial because many of the Monte Carlo (MC) inputs have the same gross effect and the experiments are tuning on minor deviations of the light curves in various dimensions. The group is exploring generative adversarial networks (GAN) as a way to tackle this problem. The main use of GANs is the generation of artificial images. The adversarial network is good at picking up many small features to increase the accuracy of the classifier for candidate rare events.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

暗物质的本质是物理学最大的谜团之一。仅次于这一点的是宇宙中观测到的物质-反物质不对称之谜。轴子和马约拉纳中微子，分别是尚未发现的粒子，可能参与提供答案。 轴子是一种动机良好的暗物质候选者，而马约拉纳中微子可以通过一个称为稀薄发生的过程产生宇宙的物质反物质不对称性。稀有事件搜索是探索这些模型的唯一可行的技术。因此，这类实验分别是粒子物理和核物理的最高优先级。该奖项将支持两项工作：使用ABRACADABRA和DMRadio搜索微电子伏特轴子，以及无中微子双β衰变（0νββ）搜索KamLAND-Zen。这些努力建立在麻省理工学院团队的专业知识基础上，两项实验工作都使用了从深度学习到量子传感的新型多学科技术。更广泛的影响是双重的：为低温实验开发鲁棒的振动隔离和培养下一代科学家。该奖项将汇集从引力波探测到0νββ的不同社区，举办振动隔离研讨会。本科研究是PI的优先事项，因为它对于招募和留住物理学生至关重要。该奖项将资助麻省理工学院的本科生研究，并开发最佳实践，以吸引不同群体的学生参与STEM领域。弦和QCD轴子模型激发了对质量低于10^−6 eV的轴子暗物质的搜索。ABRACADABRA和暗物质射电实验已经联合起来，作为DMRadio实验来探测这个质量范围。这是一个分阶段的计划，建立在ABRA-10 cm的成功基础上，扩展到DMRadio-50 L以测试共振读出，然后移动到m^3尺度的更高频率以搜索QCD轴子。在KamLAND-Zen实验中寻找无中性双β衰变。 深度学习技术将用于搜索算法的训练和基准测试。KLZ探测器的调谐是不平凡的，因为许多蒙特卡罗（MC）输入具有相同的总效应，并且实验是在不同维度上对光变曲线的微小偏差进行调谐。该小组正在探索生成对抗网络（GAN）作为解决这个问题的一种方法。GAN的主要用途是生成人工图像。对抗性网络擅长提取许多小特征，以提高分类器对候选罕见事件的准确性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Measurement of cosmic-ray muon spallation products in a xenon-loaded liquid scintillator with KamLAND

使用 KamLAND 测量载氙液体闪烁体中的宇宙射线 μ 子散裂产物

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.107.054612
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Abe, S.;Asami, S.;Eizuka, M.;Futagi, S.;Gando, A.;Gando, Y.;Gima, T.;Goto, A.;Hachiya, T.;Hata, K.
• 通讯作者: Hata, K.

Limits on Astrophysical Antineutrinos with the KamLAND Experiment

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac32c1
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: S. Abe;S. Asami;A. Gando;Y. Gando;T. Gima;A. Goto;T. Hachiya;K. Hata;S. Hayashida;K. Hosokawa;K. Ichimura;S. Ieki;H. Ikeda;K. Inoue;K. Ishidoshiro;Y. Kamei;N. Kawada;T. Kinoshita;Y. Kishimoto;M. Koga;N. Maemura;T. Mitsui;H. Miyake;K. Nakamura;R. Nakamura;H. Ozaki;T. Sakai;H. Sambonsugi;I. Shimizu;J. Shirai;K. Shiraishi;A. Suzuki;Y. Suzuki;A. Takeuchi;K. Tamae;K. Ueshima;Y. Wada;H. Watanabe;Y. Yoshida;Shuhei Obara;A. Ichikawa;A. Kozkov;D. Chernyak;Y. Takemoto;S. Yoshida;S. Umehara;K. Fushimi;S. Hirata;K. Nakamura;M. Yoshida;B. Berger;B. Fujikawa;J. Learned;J. Maricic;S. Axani;Z. Fu;J. Ouellet;L. Winslow;Y. Efremenko;H. Karwowski;D. Markoff;W. Tornow;A. Li;J. Detwiler;S. Enomoto;M. Decowski;C. Grant;S. Dell’Oro;T. O’Donnell

First measurement of the strange axial coupling constant using neutral-current quasielastic interactions of atmospheric neutrinos at KamLAND

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.072006
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: K. Abe;S. Asami;M. Eizuka;S. Futagi;A. Gando;Y. Gando;T. Gima;A. Goto;T. Hachiya;K. Hata;K. Ichimura;S. Ieki;H. Ikeda;K. Inoue;K. Ishidoshiro;Y. Kamei;N. Kawada;Y. Kishimoto;M. Koga;M. Kurasawa;T. Mitsui;H. Miyake;T. Nakahata;K. Nakamura;R. Nakamura;H. Ozaki;T. Sakai;I. Shimizu;J. Shirai;K. Shiraishi;A. Suzuki;Y. Suzuki;A. Takeuchi;K. Tamae;H. Watanabe;Y. Yoshida;Shuhei Obara;A. Ichikawa;S. Yoshida;S. Umehara;K. Fushimi;K. Kotera;Y. Urano;B. Berger;B. Fujikawa;J. Learned;J. Maricic;S. Axani;Z. Fu;J. Smolsky;L. Winslow;Y. Efremenko;H. Karwowski;D. Markoff;W. Tornow;J. Detwiler;S. Enomoto;M. Decowski;C. Grant;A. Li;H. Song;S. Dell’Oro;T. O’Donnell

Proposal for a definitive search for GUT-scale QCD axions

关于明确搜索 GUT 规模 QCD 轴子的提案

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.112003
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Brouwer, L.;Chaudhuri, S.;Cho, H.-M.;Corbin, J.;Dawson, C. S.;Droster, A.;Foster, J. W.;Fry, J. T.;Graham, P. W.;Henning, R.
• 通讯作者: Henning, R.

A Search for Correlated Low-energy Electron Antineutrinos in KamLAND with Gamma-Ray Bursts

寻找卡姆兰德中与伽马射线爆发相关的低能电子反中微子

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4e7e
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: S. Abe;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.