Collaborative Research: How are Flood Basalts Fed? A Textural Investigation of the Chief Joseph Dike Swarm

合作研究：溢流玄武岩是如何供给的？

• 批准号: 2112034
• 负责人: Paulo Hidalgo
• 金额: $ 18.82万
• 依托单位: Georgia State University Research Foundation, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2112034&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; How; Flood; Basalts

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).Flood basalts are the Earth’s most extensive expressions of volcanism. The eruption and emplacement of these voluminous magmas have been linked to global climate shifts and many extinction events. The Columbia River Flood Basalts in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Nevada are the most recent and best-preserved example of this voluminous volcanic activity. It is believed that degassing during their eruption 17-14 million years ago influenced global temperatures. A key aspect to understanding magmatic systems is deciphering how the magma is transported from depth to surface. At the Chief Joseph Dike Swarm in Oregon, a portion of the magmatic plumbing system of the Columbia River Flood Basalts is preserved and exposed. While the transport mechanism for these magmas is well understood (i.e., sheet magmatism), the style and timing of magmatism is poorly constrained. Namely, were the Chief Joseph Dikes produced through single-pulse events or grown through time as a series of magmatic pulses where each of them contributed with tectonic deformation and degassing? Detailing the mechanism of transport and emplacement could constrain the rates of surface deformation and volatile release during magmatism. This study will utilize relatively fast, simple, and resource-light methodologies that will inform us of the dike emplacement and growth mechanisms by studying in great detail the crystal textures recorded in the dikes themselves. This team’s research project was designed from the ground up as an unparalleled research experience for underrepresented minority (URM) undergraduate students who will be recruited to participate in the research and dissemination process. This research is built intentionally to contribute to making the geosciences a diverse, equitable, and inclusive discipline by promoting the development of future leaders and mentors for subsequent students in STEM research and education. The program will benefit the URM student cohorts with the knowledge, motivation, and inspiration to pursue focused science careers to solve US-national and global challenges. This project will investigate the tectonomagmatic evolution of the Columbia River Flood Basalts (CRFB), as recorded within the Chief Joseph Dike Swarm (CJDS). The team will develop and disseminate a technique that uses Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) to identify dike emplacement style using textural analyses. Analyses of dike centers will be performed on a statistically significant number of dikes to meaningfully constrain the actual proportion of single-event and pulsed emplacement styles. Dike-center textural analyses will be calibrated using field observations and a subset of detailed textural profiles collected across dikes to identify the overall cooling history. The information generated by the proposed work will address long-standing questions surrounding the generation of space to accommodate hundreds to thousands of dikes with considerable average thicknesses. This will impact future research by generating a detailed database of dike textures and morphologies that will allow future comparisons with other CRFB dike swarm systems and cross-comparison with other dike swarms worldwide. Results will provide insights into magma transport efficiency through the crust and the relationship between tectonics and magmatism. Characterizing the textures of pulsed assembly of dikes or dikes that experienced sustained high Reynolds Number flow will add to our overall understanding of magmatic plumbing systems and their connection to mineralization zones and hydrothermal fields. Furthermore, the project will create linkages with education organizations in the state of Georgia. Researchers will train and professionally develop six Underrepresented Minority (URM) student research scientists over three years. The project will broaden the participation of URMs in geosciences as we will fully leverage the existing student populations from Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority-Serving Institutions in Georgia. The program will benefit the URM student cohorts with the knowledge, motivation, and inspiration to pursue focused science careers to solve US-national and global challenges. More importantly, this research is built intentionally to make geosciences a diverse, equitable, and inclusive discipline. Their mentoring experience is built around creating a welcoming environment with comprehensive guidance by relatable mentors and academic socialization, which have proven to be integrative tools for URMs. They want to foment the extraordinary untapped talent that URM students bring to geosciences. To do this, researchers need to work towards transformative change in the way they plan their research. This team believes that their program design strives to bring justice, diversity, and inclusion to the field of geoscience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。洪水玄武岩是地球上火山活动最广泛的表现形式。这些大量岩浆的喷发和就位与全球气候变化和许多灭绝事件有关。位于俄勒冈州、华盛顿、爱达荷州和内华达州的哥伦比亚河洪水玄武岩是这种巨大火山活动的最新和保存最完好的例子。据信，1700万至1400万年前火山喷发期间的脱气作用影响了全球气温。了解岩浆系统的一个关键方面是破译岩浆是如何从深处输送到地表的。在俄勒冈州的约瑟夫堤群，哥伦比亚河洪水玄武岩的岩浆管道系统的一部分被保存和暴露。虽然这些岩浆的运输机制是很好理解的（即，席状岩浆作用），岩浆作用的样式和时间限制不佳。也就是说，是通过单脉冲事件或通过一系列的岩浆脉冲，其中每一个都与构造变形和脱气的时间增长的首席约瑟夫岩脉产生？详细的运输和侵位机制可以限制岩浆活动期间的地表变形和挥发分释放速率。这项研究将利用相对快速，简单，资源轻的方法，将告知我们的堤防侵位和生长机制，通过研究非常详细的晶体纹理记录在堤坝本身。该团队的研究项目是从头开始设计的，为代表性不足的少数民族（URM）本科生提供无与伦比的研究经验，他们将被招募参与研究和传播过程。 这项研究旨在通过促进STEM研究和教育中未来学生的领导者和导师的发展，使地球科学成为一门多元化，公平和包容性的学科。该计划将使URM学生群体受益于知识，动机和灵感，以追求专注的科学事业，以解决美国国家和全球挑战。该项目将调查哥伦比亚河洪水玄武岩（CRFB）的构造岩浆演化，如在首席约瑟夫堤防群（CJDS）中记录的。该小组将开发和传播一种技术，使用电子背散射衍射（EBSD），以确定堤坝定位风格，使用纹理分析。将对统计上显著数量的堤坝进行堤坝中心分析，以有意义地限制单事件和脉冲侵位样式的实际比例。堤防中心纹理分析将使用现场观察和一个子集的详细纹理剖面收集整个堤防，以确定整体冷却历史进行校准。拟议工作产生的信息将解决长期存在的问题，围绕空间的产生，以容纳数百至数千个具有相当大的平均厚度的堤坝。这将影响未来的研究，通过生成一个详细的数据库的堤防纹理和形态，将允许未来的比较与其他CRFB堤防群系统和交叉比较与世界各地的其他堤防群。研究结果将有助于深入了解岩浆在地壳中的运移效率以及构造与岩浆活动之间的关系。表征脉岩或脉岩的脉冲组件的纹理，经历了持续的高雷诺数流将增加我们对岩浆管道系统及其与矿化带和热液场的连接的整体理解。此外，该项目将与格鲁吉亚州的教育组织建立联系。研究人员将在三年内培训和专业发展六名代表性不足的少数民族（URM）学生研究科学家。该项目将扩大URM在地球科学中的参与，因为我们将充分利用格鲁吉亚历史上黑人学院和大学以及少数民族服务机构的现有学生群体。 该计划将使URM学生群体受益于知识，动机和灵感，以追求专注的科学事业，以解决美国国家和全球挑战。更重要的是，这项研究旨在使地球科学成为一门多样化，公平和包容的学科。他们的指导经验是建立在创造一个温馨的环境，由相关的导师和学术社交，这已被证明是URMs的综合工具的全面指导。他们希望激发URM学生为地球科学带来的非凡的未开发人才。要做到这一点，研究人员需要努力在他们计划研究的方式上实现变革。该团队相信他们的项目设计致力于为地球科学领域带来公正、多样性和包容性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。