Analysis of the BnXTH16 gene responsible for male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding lines.

雄性不育是植物育种中一个重要的经济性状。它防止异交作物的自花授粉，并通过遗传多样性亲本植物的异花授粉确保杂种优势的维持和改善。携带ms基因突变形式（ms为野生型）的甘蓝型油菜（油菜籽）的MSL系是雄性不育的，但可以通过在花发育期间或在恢复基因R存在下的长时间热处理而恢复成可育性。最近，ms位点被定位，该基因被鉴定为BnXTH 16。BnXTH 16编码参与细胞壁代谢的木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶。花粉在花药内发育，花药有四个花粉囊。花粉发育取决于被称为绒毡层的内花粉囊层的正常功能和细胞壁物质在花粉衣上的适当沉积。B不育系雄性不育表型的细胞学、生理学和分子生物学研究。携带突变的BnXTH 16基因的欧洲油菜迄今尚未被分析。我们也不知道是什么样的变化导致了热诱导的男性生育能力的恢复。该项目将阐明BnXTH16活性如何决定可育花粉的发育。为此，将使用细胞学、生物化学和分子遗传学等多种方法。特别是对于遗传分析，该项目将受益于封闭B的顺从性。油菜近缘种拟南芥我们希望我们的分析将有助于在未来建立新的育种系。

Male sterility is an economically important trait in plant breeding. It prevents self-pollination of outcrossing crops and ensures the sustainment and improvement of heterosis by cross-pollination of genetically diverse parent plants. MSL lines of Brassica napus (rapeseed) that carry a mutant form of the ms gene (ms for wildtype) are male sterile but can be reverted to fertility by prolonged heat treatment during flower development or in the presence of the restorer gene R. Recently the ms locus was mapped and the gene was identified as BnXTH16. BnXTH16 codes for a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase that is involved in cell wall metabolism. Pollen develop within anthers which possess four pollen sacs. Pollen development depends on proper function of the inner pollen sac layer termed the tapetum and on proper deposition of cell wall material to the pollen coat. The cytological, pysiological and molecular events that accompany the male-sterile phenotype of MSL lines of B. napus that carry the mutated BnXTH16 gene have not been analyzed to date. Nor do we know about the changes that allow for the heat-induced restoration of male fertility. This project will elucidate how BnXTH16 activity determines development of fertile pollen. To that end a wide spectrum of cytological, biochemical, and molecular-genetic appproaches will be used. In particular for genetic analyses the project will profit from the amenability of the close B. napus relative Arabidopsis thaliana. We expect that our analyses will help establish new breeding lines in the future.