Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Medium: Foregrounding Bystanders as Stakeholders in Smart Home Product Design

个人对自己的设备所做的隐私选择往往会影响他们周围人的隐私。与此同时，这些隐私选择受到设备制造商的选择的限制。随着物联网(IoT)扩展到从智能家居设备到公共监控的应用，这些问题变得更加紧迫。物联网设备收集和共享的海量数据不仅在物联网的主要用户(购买和安装设备的用户)中引发了严重的隐私问题，而且在次要用户(例如家庭中的其他成员)和旁观者(例如智能家居的访客或员工，或自动驾驶汽车路过的人)中引发了严重的隐私问题。该项目的一个关键目标是了解这些各方在数据收集决策中扮演的不同角色，以及哪些产品可以更好地满足他们的隐私期望。为此，第二个关键目标是与物联网设备的设计师和开发商合作，开发材料、方法和模型，以构建在不危及社会结构或规范的情况下增强日常生活的产品。总而言之，这些理解和方法将扩大工作在教育和产品开发背景下的影响，并为技术政策制定者提供有用的输入。该项目从多个角度探讨了这项研究。首先，研究团队将使用调查和其他实证方法，探索旁观者担忧可能被放大的人群的物联网体验、隐私预期和担忧，例如家政员工(例如居家护理人员)，或预装的“智能”住房的居民和客人。其次，通过采访和调查，研究团队将研究智能家居产品团队，以了解物联网产品设计和制造者的观点，包括他们目前是如何就非主要用户的数据使用做出决策--如果他们真的考虑过的话。基于这些发现，研究人员将开发a)原型干预措施，为非主要用户提供相关信息和/或更好地控制他们的隐私，以及b)干预措施，以改善产品团队在设计过程中对旁观者隐私的决策。研究团队将通过家庭/办公室实验和认知步行可用性研究来评估干预措施。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The privacy choices that individuals make regarding their own devices often affect the privacy of those around them. At the same time, those privacy choices are constrained by the choices of the people who manufacture the devices. These issues are becoming more urgent with the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) into applications from smart-home devices to public surveillance. The massive amounts of data collected and shared by IoT devices are raising profound privacy concerns not only among primary users of IoT (those who purchase and install the devices), but also secondary users (e.g. other members of their households), and bystanders (e.g. visitors to or employees in a smart home, or people passing by a self-driving car). A key goal of this project is to understand the varying roles these parties have in decisions about data collection, and what products could be doing to better meet their privacy expectations. To that end, the second key goal is to work with designers and developers of IoT devices to develop materials, methods, and models for building products that enhance daily life without endangering social fabrics or norms. Together, these understandings and methods will expand the impact of the work widely in educational and product development contexts, and provide useful input to technology policymakers.The project approaches this research from multiple angles. First, using surveys and other empirical methods, the research team will explore the IoT experiences, privacy expectations, and concerns of groups of people for whom bystander concerns are likely to be amplified, such as domestic employees (e.g. in-home care attendants), or residents and guests of pre-equipped "smart" housing. Second, via interviews and surveys, the research team will study smart home product teams to understand the perspectives of the people who design and build IoT products, including how they currently make decisions about the data use of non-primary users -- if they consider it at all. Based on the findings, the researchers will develop a) prototype interventions to provide non-primary users with relevant information and/or better control over their privacy, and b) interventions to improve product teams' decision-making about bystander privacy in the design process. The research team will evaluate the interventions via in-home/in-office experiments and cognitive walkthrough usability studies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.