Effects of Responses to Bias on Cardiovascular Reactivity During Interracial Interactions

种族间互动期间对偏见的反应对心血管反应的影响

• 批准号: 2116437
• 负责人: Tessa West
• 金额: $ 49.75万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2116437&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Responses; Bias; Cardiovascular; Reactivity

Bias against people of color remains a significant problem in the United States. A crucial step toward addressing this problem involves having honest conversations about moments of discrimination that people of color experience. What is lacking is a firm understanding of the features of interactions that lead to productive discussions between people of color and White people, especially when a person of color discusses an experience with discrimination. Does the White person respond with receptive and validating behavior or with dismissive behavior (e.g., framing comments as complaints)? How do receptive and/or dismissive responses shape the quality of the conversation as it unfolds and the amount of physiological stress that each person experiences? Answering these questions has important implications for understanding how to promote effective allyship, mitigate the harm of discrimination for people of color, and foster cross-race friendships built on mutual understanding and trust.The present research involves two large-scale studies with community samples of Black, Latinx, and White adults. In both studies, a Black or Latinx interaction partner discloses an experience of unfair treatment to a White interaction partner. A variety of measures are obtained during these conversations, including self-reported perceptions, cardiovascular activity to assess physiological reactions, and relevant behavioral patterns captured on video. Participants' emotional and physiological reactions can be linked to specific comments or behaviors from their interaction partner. This allows for a test of hypothesized sequences, such as whether a Latina person who describes a discrimination experience exhibits decreased stress immediately after her White interaction partner has a receptive response. Study 1 tests the prediction that when people of color disclose experiences with bias (vs. experiences of unfairness unrelated to race), receptive responses from White people are particularly helpful and dismissive responses particularly unhelpful. Study 1 also tests whether the quality of interaction partners' conversation affects how much they cooperate with each other on a subsequent task. Study 2 tests an intervention designed to increase a White person's receptivity to expressions of discrimination. The intervention encourages productive cross-race conversations about discrimination experiences and effective cooperation between conversation partners. In addition to addressing these issues, this project helps to train a diverse group of students on how to conduct research involving social interactions and cardiovascular measures. The insights from this research provide a basis for evidence-based interventions that can improve conversations about race and reduce intergroup tension.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对有色人种的偏见在美国仍然是一个严重的问题。解决这个问题的关键一步是，就有色人种遭受歧视的时刻进行诚实的对话。我们缺乏的是对导致有色人种和白人之间进行富有成效的讨论的互动特征的坚定理解，尤其是当有色人种讨论歧视经历时。白人的反应是接纳和肯定的行为还是轻蔑的行为（例如，把评论当成抱怨）？当谈话展开时，接受和/或不屑一顾的反应如何影响谈话的质量，以及每个人所经历的生理压力的大小？回答这些问题对于理解如何促进有效的盟友关系，减轻对有色人种歧视的伤害，以及在相互理解和信任的基础上培养跨种族友谊具有重要意义。目前的研究涉及两项大规模的研究，其中包括黑人、拉丁裔和白人成年人的社区样本。在这两项研究中，黑人或拉丁裔互动伙伴向白人互动伙伴透露了不公平待遇的经历。在这些对话中，我们获得了各种各样的测量结果，包括自我报告的感知，评估生理反应的心血管活动，以及视频捕捉到的相关行为模式。参与者的情绪和生理反应可以与他们互动伙伴的具体评论或行为联系起来。这允许对假设序列进行测试，例如，在描述歧视经历的拉丁裔人在她的白人互动伙伴做出接受性反应后，是否立即表现出压力减轻。研究1测试了这样一种预测：当有色人种透露自己有偏见的经历（与种族无关的不公平经历相比）时，白人的接受性反应特别有益，而轻蔑性反应特别无益。研究1还测试了互动伙伴的谈话质量是否会影响他们在后续任务中相互合作的程度。研究2测试了一项干预措施，旨在提高白人对歧视表达的接受程度。干预措施鼓励有关歧视经历的富有成效的跨种族对话和对话伙伴之间的有效合作。除了解决这些问题外，该项目还有助于培训不同群体的学生如何进行涉及社会互动和心血管测量的研究。这项研究的见解为基于证据的干预提供了基础，可以改善关于种族的对话，减少群体间的紧张关系。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。