Political Leaders Through Time (PLT)

历代政治领袖 (PLT)

• 批准号: 2116812
• 负责人: John Gerring
• 金额: $ 36.34万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2116812&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Political; Leaders; Through; Time; PLT

Studies that seek to understand political leadership, stability and conflict focus primarily on the last 100 years as the basis of their evidence. This project collects data on leaders in over 2000 polities throughout the world over two millenia to examine how geography conditions political stability. The project has broader impact by producing scholarship that advances our understanding of the social and political factors that are associated with political stability and other features of a peaceful society. In addition, it provides data that is useful shedding new light on a wide variety of other important questions: When did political institutions in the West diverge from those in the East? When were women chosen as leaders? Was the tenure of leaders in the ancient world shorter, longer, or comparable to the tenure of leaders today? Have instances of violent removal of leaders changed appreciably over time? How has the advent of mass democracy affected the circulation of elites? How do geographical features of polities influence these patterns? Social-science studies of political leaders focus mostly on the contemporary era. “Political Leaders through Time” (PLT) encompasses two millennia, over 2,000 polities, nearly 5,000 polity-centuries, and more than 70,000 leaders, each of which is coded across twenty-four attributes. The substantive focus of the PLT centers on the question of political order. It is hypothesized that political stability may be conditioned by geographic features. Additionally, the project provides a first-of-its-kind gazetteer of historical states complemented by GIS polygons to map their locations through time. The PLT allows for a systematic and global analysis of many other questions that have heretofore been examined only in the modern era or for a single region (e.g., Europe). As such, the PLT offers a massive expansion of our knowledge about leaders and leadership transitions through time and across the world.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

试图了解政治领导力、稳定和冲突的研究主要集中在过去100年作为证据的基础上。这个项目收集了世界各地2000多个政体的领导人在两千多年里的数据，以考察地理环境如何影响政治稳定。该项目产生了更广泛的影响，因为它产生了学术成果，促进了我们对与政治稳定和和平社会的其他特征相关的社会和政治因素的理解。此外，它还提供了有用的数据，有助于为其他各种重要问题提供新的线索：西方的政治制度何时与东方的政治制度背道而驰？女性是什么时候被选为领导人的？古代领导人的任期是更短、更长，还是与今天的领导人任期相当？随着时间的推移，暴力罢免领导人的情况有明显变化吗？大众民主的到来对精英的流动有何影响？政治的地理特征是如何影响这些模式的？社会科学对政治领导人的研究主要集中在当代。“穿越时间的政治领袖”(PLT)涵盖了两千年、2000多个政体、近5000个政体世纪和7万多名领导人，每个领导人都被编码为24个属性。人民解放运动的实质焦点集中在政治秩序问题上。据推测，政治稳定可能会受到地理特征的制约。此外，该项目还提供了首个历史状态地名录，并辅之以地理信息系统多边形，以绘制其随时间变化的位置图。PLT允许对迄今为止仅在现代或单一区域(例如欧洲)研究的许多其他问题进行系统和全球性的分析。因此，PLT提供了我们关于领导者和领导层换届的大量知识，随着时间的推移和世界各地的变化。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。