Macroevolutionary Consequences of Staminode Evolution in Integrated Floral Systems of Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae)

退化雄蕊进化在Mentzelia部分Bartonia（Loasaceae）综合花卉系统中的宏观进化后果

• 批准号: 2117446
• 负责人: John Schenk
• 金额: $ 51.76万
• 依托单位: Ohio University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2117446&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Macroevolutionary; Consequences; Staminode; Evolution; Integrated

A major initiative in plant biology is focused on understanding the evolutionary processes that have generated the seemingly endless forms of flowers. Flowers can be viewed as integrated systems of specialized structures that function to optimize reproductive success, including pollen dispersal, pollen reception, and seed production. Flowers have experienced extraordinary morphological changes through evolutionary time, including multiple origins of novel, non-fertile structures, including staminodes. Staminodes are rudimentary stamens or sterile stamens that were co-opted from pollen production to perform novel functions, such as nectar production, pollinator attraction, or enhanced pollen dispersal or deposition. These structures therefore provide an ideal system to study integrated-trait evolution in response to functional co-option. This project will test whether there is an evolutionary response to compensate for the loss of reproductive function when a structure is co-opted to perform a novel function by studying floral evolution in the blazingstars. Numerous trainees will participate in the project, and a collaboration with the Ohio First Scholar program will integrate two first-generation students from underrepresented groups into the research program. Forty-eight early career scientists will be trained in phylogenetic comparative methods through two workshops at a national research conference. An educational video and learning module focused on plant evolution will be created to promote science literacy in this important but poorly understood concept that requires innovative resources.Flowers are composed of integrated parts that function to maximize reproduction, but little is known about the macroevolutionary consequences when one part of the flower is co-opted to perform a novel function. In Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae), stamen filaments have repeatedly evolved to become sterile, petal-like staminodes, providing an exceptional system to determine the evolutionary response of functional co-option. This project will apply phylogenetic comparative approaches to provide key insights into the evolutionary consequences of staminode co-option on floral structures, including interactions within and among the male, female, and petal structures. The project addresses five main research questions: (1) What is the evolutionary history of staminodes in Mentzelia section Bartonia; (2) are staminodes integrated with the remaining floral structures; (3) does evolution favor compensation of reproductive outputs when staminodes evolve; (4) are staminodes correlated with environmental factors; and (5) how do staminodes affect male and female fitness across different floral forms? To answer those questions, the evolutionary history of the group will be inferred with genomic data and combined with environmental and floral data to determine how traits vary and covary, as well as their level of integration across evolutionary history.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物生物学的一项重大举措是专注于了解产生看似无穷无尽的花朵形式的进化过程。花可以被看作是专门结构的集成系统，其功能是优化生殖成功，包括花粉传播，花粉接收和种子生产。花经历了非凡的形态变化，通过进化的时间，包括多个起源的新的，非肥沃的结构，包括退化雄蕊。退化雄蕊是从花粉生产中被挑选出来执行新功能的退化雄蕊或不育雄蕊，例如花蜜生产，传粉者吸引，或增强花粉传播或沉积。因此，这些结构提供了一个理想的系统来研究综合性状的进化，以响应功能的co-option。该项目将通过研究blazingstars中的花的进化来测试当一个结构被增选来执行一种新的功能时，是否有进化反应来补偿生殖功能的丧失。许多受训人员将参加该项目，与俄亥俄州第一学者计划的合作将使两名来自代表性不足群体的第一代学生融入研究计划。48名早期职业科学家将在一次国家研究会议上通过两个讲习班接受系统发育比较方法的培训。一个教育视频和学习模块将专注于植物进化，以促进科学素养在这一重要的，但了解甚少的概念，需要创新的资源。花是由功能最大化繁殖的集成部分组成，但很少有人知道当花的一部分被增选执行一个新的功能时，宏观进化的后果。在Mentzelia节Bartonia（Loasaceae），雄蕊丝反复进化成为不育，花瓣状退化雄蕊，提供了一个特殊的系统，以确定功能的进化反应的co-option。该项目将应用系统发育比较方法，提供关键的见解退化雄蕊的协同选择对花结构的进化后果，包括男性，女性和花瓣结构内和之间的相互作用。该项目解决了五个主要的研究问题：（1）在Mentzelia节Bartonia退化雄蕊的进化历史是什么;（2）退化雄蕊与其余的花结构整合;（3）进化有利于补偿生殖输出时退化雄蕊进化;（4）退化雄蕊与环境因素相关;（5）退化雄蕊如何影响男性和女性的健身在不同的花形式？为了回答这些问题，将通过基因组数据推断该群体的进化历史，并结合环境和花卉数据，以确定性状如何变化和共变，以及它们在进化历史中的整合水平。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。