Collaborative Research: Energetic Particle Precipitation from the Magnetosphere and Effects on Ozone Dynamics in the Mesosphere and Stratosphere

该奖项的全部或部分资金来自《2021年美国救援计划法》（公法117-2），该奖项授予空间科学研究所和科罗拉多大学，以测量和研究高能粒子沉降到高纬度大气中的影响。该项目旨在加深对地球磁层中的电子和离子如何散射并随后消失在大气中的理解。这个主题是许多研究的主题，涉及卫星数据，地面仪器和复杂的理论模型。这些奖金将支持旨在调查磁层中这种高能粒子沉淀的原因以及研究这种沉淀在低层大气中的后果的研究。具体而言，奖励期为三年，将：利用现场卫星数据确定磁层可能发生降水的时间。该奖项将利用卫星和气球对极地平流层和中间层进行观测，以根据具体情况并通过统计分析量化平流层和中间层降水的影响。这些结果将支持在芬兰开展一项专门的气球臭氧测量实验活动，以寻找可能发生降水期间平流层的直接或间接变化。 该研究还将应用一个复杂的理论模型来揭示降水的物理/化学原因，以量化导致这种变化的主要物理和化学过程。该研究将使项目各级的学生参与，为培训下一代科学家作出贡献。本科生和研究生将获得参与一个重大国际项目的经验，包括他们将承担重大责任的实验活动。该项目与国家研究理事会2013年十年调查的所有四个关键科学目标有关，特别是KSG 1-确定太阳活动的起源并预测空间环境的变化，以及KSG 2-确定地球磁层、电离层、和大气层及其对太阳和陆地输入的反应 *（1）确定和量化已知发生磁层高能电子/离子沉淀的时间和地点。随后将努力量化极地平流层和中间层臭氧的变化，（2）通过卫星观测，理论模拟，而在─该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的支持。影响审查标准。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The awards to the Space Science Institute and to the University of Colorado in this collaborative project would measure and study the effects of energetic particle precipitation into the high latitude atmosphere. The project seeks to increase the understanding of how electrons and ions from the Earth's magnetosphere are scattered and subsequently are lost to the atmosphere. This topic is the subject of numerous studies involving satellite data, ground-based instrumentation, and complex theoretical models. The awards would support research aimed at investigating the causes of such energetic particle precipitation (EPP) in the magnetosphere, and also to study the consequences of such precipitation in the lower atmosphere. Specifically, the duration of the awards over three years would: use in-situ satellite data to determine when precipitation from the magnetosphere is likely to be occurring. The award would use satellite and balloon-based observations of the polar stratosphere and mesosphere to quantify the effects of the precipitation in the stratosphere and mesosphere on a case-by-case basis and also by using statistical analysis. These results would support the conduct of a dedicated experimental campaign of balloon-based ozone measurements in Finland to search for direct or indirect changes in the stratosphere during periods when precipitation is likely to be occurring. The research would also apply a complex theoretical model to reveal the physical/chemical causes of the precipitation to quantify the dominant physical and chemical processes responsible for such changes. The research would involve students at all levels of the project to contribute to the training of the next generation of scientists. The undergraduate and graduate students would gain experience of participating in a major international project, including an experimental campaign in which they would hold significant responsibilities. The project is relevant to all four Key Science Goals (KSGs) of the National Research Council Decadal Survey 2013, particularly KSG1 - Determine the origins of the Sun’s activity and predict the variations in the space environment and KSG2 - Determine the dynamics and coupling of Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere and their response to solar and terrestrial inputsThe scientific rationale for the proposal is summarized in terms of two scientific objectives: (1) Determine and quantify when and where precipitation of high-energy electrons/ions from the magnetosphere is known to be occurring. this would be followed up by an effort to quantify the resulting changes in ozone in the polar stratosphere and mesosphere, and (2) Determine the physical and chemical pathways by which the precipitation effects are manifested via satellite observations, theoretical modeling, and in-situ observations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.