Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Medium: PREMED: Privacy-Preserving and Robust Computational Phenotyping using Multisite EHR Data

张量分析提供了一种有效的方法，可以将大量的电子健康记录（EHR）转换为有意义的和可解释的临床概念或表型，如疾病和疾病亚型。它可以将患者聚类为子组，并捕获多个属性之间的相互作用（例如，用于治疗疾病的特定程序），从而实现精准医疗。有效的表型分析需要大量不同的样本来支持，以避免潜在的群体偏倚。一个主要的挑战是如何在多个机构联合获得表型，同时在每个站点保护个体患者的隐私。该项目的目标是开发一个联合张量分解框架，用于使用多站点EHR数据（PREMED）进行隐私保护，鲁棒和高效的计算表型分析。虽然已经为这些目标开发了许多联邦学习技术，但它们的协同作用尚未得到很好的研究。由于压缩和混淆的通信，诸如压缩之类的通信高效技术对隐私（较小的披露风险）和鲁棒性（较小的对抗性影响）具有内在益处。此外，联合张量因式分解由于其多因子结构和无监督性质而提出了独特的挑战。该项目旨在利用效率，隐私和鲁棒性之间的协同作用，并采用整体方法解决这三个相互关联的挑战，同时利用张量因子分解的多因子结构。研究成果将使机构能够有效地使用其受隐私保护的数据联合进行计算表型分析。该项目包括一组相互关联的目标，包括：（1）开发用于联合张量因式分解的通信高效技术，例如局部随机梯度下降（SGD），以减少通信频率;以及多级压缩方法，以利用张量因式分解的多因子结构减少每轮通信;（2）通过利用通信高效技术的固有隐私益处来开发隐私保护联合张量分解方法;以及提供更多通用性的隐私保护输入合成方法;以及（3）通过利用通信高效技术的固有鲁棒性益处来开发用于处理潜在拜占庭故障和恶意站点的鲁棒统计聚集方法;以及基于真值推断和自适应站点评估方法的用于稀疏设置的鲁棒基于学习的聚集方法。该项目包括使用Emory和UTHealth的真实的EHR数据进行的案例研究，用于阿尔茨海默病和脓毒症背景下的表型发现和基于表型的预测研究。该项目还包括一系列协同活动，包括组织多地点的计算表型挑战;开发合作边车课程;以及大学生、妇女和代表性不足的群体的积极参与。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Tensor analysis offers an effective approach to convert massive Electronic Health Records (EHRs) into meaningful and interpretable clinical concepts, or phenotypes, such as diseases and disease subtypes. It can cluster patients into subgroups and capture the interactions between multiple attributes (e.g., specific procedures used to treat a disease), enabling precision medicine. Effective phenotyping needs to be supported by a large number of diverse samples to avoid potential population bias. A major challenge is how to derive phenotypes jointly across multiple institutions, while preserving individual patients' privacy at each site. The goal of this project is to develop a federated tensor factorization framework for Privacy-preserving, Robust, and Efficient computational phenotyping using Multisite EHR Data (PREMED). While many techniques have been developed for federated learning for each of these goals, their synergy has not been well studied. Communication-efficient techniques such as compression have an intrinsic benefit to privacy (smaller disclosure risks) and robustness (smaller adversarial impact) due to the compressed and obfuscated communication. Further, federated tensor factorization presents unique challenges due to its multi-factor structure and unsupervised nature. The project aims to exploit the synergy between efficiency, privacy, and robustness and address the three interrelated challenges with a holistic approach, while utilizing the multi-factor structure of tensor factorization. The research outcome will allow institutions to jointly perform computational phenotyping using their privacy-protected data effectively and efficiently. This project includes a set of interrelated objectives including: (1) developing communication-efficient techniques for federated tensor factorization such as local Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to reduce communication frequency; and multi-level compression methods to reduce per-round communication leveraging the multi-factor structure of tensor factorization; (2) developing privacy-preserving federated tensor factorization methods by exploiting the intrinsic privacy benefit of the communication-efficient techniques; and privacy-preserving input synthesization methods that offer more versatility; and (3) developing robust statistical aggregation methods for handling potential Byzantine failures and malicious sites by utilizing the intrinsic robustness benefit of the communication-efficient techniques; and robust learning-based aggregation methods for sparse settings based on truth inference and adaptive site valuation approaches. The project includes case studies using real EHR data from Emory and UTHealth for phenotype discovery and phenotype-based predictive studies in the context of Alzheimer's Disease and Sepsis. The project also includes a set of synergistic activities including organization of multi-site computational phenotyping challenges; development of collaborative sidecar courses; and active involvement of undergraduates, women and underrepresented groups.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.