Collaborative Research: PLANKTON SIZE SPECTRA AND TROPHIC LINKS IN A DYNAMIC OCEAN

合作研究：动态海洋中的浮游生物大小光谱和营养关系

• 批准号: 2125407
• 负责人: Robert Cowen
• 金额: $ 122.33万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2125407&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; PLANKTON; SIZE; SPECTRA

Marine plankton form the base of most ocean food webs that support valuable fisheries. This highly diverse and complex community is composed of organisms that drift with ocean currents. Planktonic organisms remain understudied: they are difficult to sample given that their sizes span more than six orders of magnitude from less than one micron to meters. Yet, understanding how these communities respond to climate change, and ultimately how these responses affect valuable fisheries, and therefore food security, is critical. Because many ecological and physiological processes are dictated by relative size, the theory of size spectra (i.e., the relationship between size and organism abundance as it drives ecosystem properties such as food webs) provides a valuable framework for forecasting climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. A deeper understanding of the scope and nature of variability in size spectra under contrasting environmental conditions is needed. The dynamic, highly productive northern California Current off Oregon and Washington, during the summer and winter seasons, produces a patchwork of oceanographic conditions including those associated with hypoxia and ocean acidification. This study is sampling the plankton communities in this region to investigate how gradients of temperature, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and pH conditions impact size spectra. The broader impacts include the training of students, building scientific resources, and outreach to broader communities. Undergraduate and graduate students are being trained in oceanography, field research and new technologies. The automated image analysis pipeline developed as part of the project is openly accessible to the oceanographic community and the image data are available through the novel Global Plankton Imagery Library, an open-access repository for plankton imagery. Size spectra data from this study are shared directly with ecosystem modelers. The project’s flagship outreach activity is the collaboration with the Sitka Center for Art and Ecology and the hosting of an Artist-At-Sea Program. A professional artist is competitively selected to join the research cruises and to create artistic products that give a unique voice to oceanographic research and the organisms under study. The artwork is being assembled into a traveling public Art Exhibit with planned displays at the Sitka Center, Oregon State University’s Hatfield Marine Science Center, University of Oregon’s Charleston Marine Life Center and centers located in underserved coastal communities. Finally, imagery data from the project are being shared via the Plankton Portal, a public website developed in partnership with the Citizen Science Alliance’s Zooniverse, that invites citizen scientists to participate in classifying plankton images.The coupling of in situ plankton imagery and morphometric data allows quantifying scales of variation in plankton size spectra as well as testing predictions of how changes in environmental conditions (notably, temperature, nutrients, oxygen, pH) correlate with shifts in size spectra to reveal functional consequences to the food web. Plankton size spectra are being compared across environmental conditions by sampling in a habitat with steep environmental gradients and during two contrasting seasons. Planktonic organisms spanning 10 orders of magnitude in biomass are sampled using two complementary high-resolution imaging systems: the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) and the Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) particle imager. High-throughput image analysis software is used to create size distributions together with taxonomic classification. Depth-discrete meso-zooplankton samples are collected in parallel to examine community shifts in carbon, obtain length-to-carbon conversions and calibrate image data. The normalized biomass size spectra computed from the image data are tested for deviations from expected patterns. The plankton collections are also being analyzed for diet and reproductive status of gelatinous zooplankton, and diet and daily growth rate of representative larval fishes. These two groups have been historically understudied yet play central roles in ecosystem function. The data are being used to examine how these organisms are impacted by environmental conditions, and how they affect plankton size spectra. This study is foundational to the understanding of marine ecosystems within the context of climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋浮游生物构成了支持有价值渔业的大多数海洋食物网的基础。这个高度多样化和复杂的群落由随洋流漂流的生物体组成。 浮游生物的研究仍未充分：鉴于它们的大小从不到一微米到米跨越六个数量级以上，因此很难对其进行采样。然而，了解这些社区如何应对气候变化，以及这些应对措施最终如何影响宝贵的渔业，进而影响粮食安全，至关重要。由于许多生态和生理过程是由相对大小决定的，大小谱理论（即大小与生物丰度之间的关系，因为它驱动着食物网等生态系统特性）为预测气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响提供了一个有价值的框架。需要更深入地了解对比环境条件下尺寸光谱变化的范围和性质。俄勒冈州和华盛顿州附近充满活力、高产的北加州洋流在夏季和冬季会产生一系列海洋条件，包括与缺氧和海洋酸化相关的条件。这项研究正在对该地区的浮游生物群落进行采样，以研究温度、营养物、溶解氧和 pH 条件的梯度如何影响尺寸谱。更广泛的影响包括学生培训、科学资源建设以及扩展到更广泛的社区。本科生和研究生正在接受海洋学、实地研究和新技术方面的培训。作为该项目的一部分开发的自动图像分析管道可供海洋学界公开访问，图像数据可通过新颖的全球浮游生物图像库（浮游生物图像的开放访问存储库）获得。这项研究的尺寸谱数据直接与生态系统建模者共享。该项目的旗舰外展活动是与锡特卡艺术与生态中心的合作以及主办海上艺术家计划。 一名专业艺术家被竞争性地选拔来参加研究航行并创作艺术产品，为海洋学研究和所研究的生物体提供独特的声音。这些艺术品正在被组装成一个巡回公共艺术展览，计划在锡特卡中心、俄勒冈州立大学哈特菲尔德海洋科学中心、俄勒冈大学查尔斯顿海洋生物中心以及位于服务欠缺的沿海社区的中心展出。最后，该项目的图像数据正在通过浮游生物门户共享，该门户是与公民科学联盟的 Zooniverse 合作开发的公共网站，邀请公民科学家参与对浮游生物图像进行分类。原位浮游生物图像和形态测量数据的耦合可以量化浮游生物尺寸光谱的变化规模，并测试对环境条件（尤其是温度、 营养物、氧气、pH 值）与尺寸谱的变化相关，以揭示对食物网的功能影响。通过在环境梯度陡峭的栖息地和两个对比季节进行采样，可以比较不同环境条件下的浮游生物大小光谱。使用两个互补的高分辨率成像系统对生物量跨越 10 个数量级的浮游生物进行采样：原位鱼浮游生物成像系统 (ISIIS) 和激光原位散射和透射测量 (LISST) 粒子成像仪。高通量图像分析软件用于创建尺寸分布以及分类学分类。并行收集深度离散的中观浮游动物样本，以检查碳群落变化，获得长度到碳的转换并校准图像数据。测试根据图像数据计算出的归一化生物量尺寸光谱与预期模式的偏差。还分析了浮游生物收藏的胶状浮游动物的饮食和繁殖状况，以及代表性幼鱼的饮食和每日生长率。这两个群体在历史上一直未被充分研究，但在生态系统功能中发挥着核心作用。这些数据用于研究这些生物体如何受到环境条件的影响，以及它们如何影响浮游生物的大小范围。这项研究是理解气候变化背景下的海洋生态系统的基础。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Testing assumptions underlying cabezon ( Scorpaenichthys marmoratus ) otolith microstructure analysis using wild‐caught juveniles and opportunistic rearing of eggs and larvae

使用野生捕获的幼鱼以及卵和幼虫的机会性饲养来测试卡贝松（Scorpaenichthys marmoratus）耳石微观结构分析的假设

• DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15364
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Fish Biology
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Wilson, Megan;Sponaugle, Su;Grorud‐Colvert, Kirsten
• 通讯作者: Grorud‐Colvert, Kirsten

Edge computing at sea: high-throughput classification of in-situ plankton imagery for adaptive sampling

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1187771
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 作者: M. Schmid;Dominic Daprano;Malhar M. Damle;Christopher M. Sullivan;S. Sponaugle;Charles Cousin;C. G

Growth and diet of a larval myctophid across distinct upwelling regimes in the California Current

加利福尼亚洋流不同上升流区的菌蚜幼虫的生长和饮食

• DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad070
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: ICES Journal of Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Swieca, K.;Sponaugle, S.;Schmid, M. S.;Ivory, J.;Corrales-Ugalde, M.;Sutherland, K. R.;Cowen, R. K.;Smolinski, ed., Szymon
• 通讯作者: Smolinski, ed., Szymon