Collaborative Research: From Brains to Society: Neural Underpinnings of Collective Behaviors Via Massive Data and Experiments

尽管对个体行为的神经基础进行了数千项调查，对集体行为进行了更多的研究，但个体大脑的组织与其对群体行为（例如合作和冲突以及最终的集体行动）的组合影响之间缺乏明确的桥梁。为了解决从个体大脑的功能神经结构推断群体合作的巨大挑战，该项目将利用数据、实验和计算方面的进步。具体来说，它将首次将现有的大规模人类功能神经影像数据、前瞻性地从大群体中收集的个人和群体行为数据与尖端的机器学习工具、分层模型和大规模模拟相整合。这是神经科学家、社会科学家和数据科学家团队之间的合作努力，旨在阐明合作的神经基础，这是一个正常运转的社会和社会环境的核心的基本过程。该项目将首先利用来自大规模研究的现有神经影像和行为数据的综合财富，包括人类连接组寿命（HCP-L）和青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD），并将利用机器学习的最新突破来表征支持整个生命周期认知功能的神经回路（连接组）的多样性、个性性和共性。然后，它将进行大规模（约 10,000 人）在线行为实验，以确定公共物品博弈期间个人行为、决策和群体行为之间的联系。这些实验将测量个人的合作倾向以及通过合作获得的社会福利，从而通过个人行为对群体内合作的出现产生潜在的变革性见解。由此产生的首个数据集可能成为研究界非常有价值的资源。基于由此估计的统计模型和组装的神经影像数据集的大规模模拟将评估个体连接体与群体环境中合作之间的直接或间接关系，并将阐明群体过程在放大或改善个体差异以实现集体结果方面的作用。该项目的研究结果可能会对科学界目前对个体大脑如何通过认知、社交和互动机制塑造社会行为的不完全理解产生变革性影响。该项目是美国国家科学基金会利用数据革命 (HDR) 大创意活动的一部分。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Despite thousands of investigations on the neural basis of individual behaviors and even more studies on collective behaviors, a clear bridge between the organization of individual brains and their combinational impact on group behaviors, such as cooperation and conflict and ultimately collective action, is lacking. To address the grand challenge of inferring group cooperation from the functional neuroarchitecture of individual brains, this project will harness advances in data, experiment and computation. Specifically, it will integrate, for the first time, existing large-scale human functional neuroimaging data, prospectively collected individual and group behavioral data from a large cohort, with cutting-edge machine learning tools, hierarchical models and large-scale simulations. This is a collaborative effort between a team of neuroscientists, social scientists and data scientists, that aims to elucidate the neural basis of cooperation, a fundamental process in a functioning society and at the core of social environments. The project will first harness the combined wealth of existing neuroimaging and behavioral data from large-scale studies, including the Human Connectome-Lifespan (HCP-L) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) and will leverage recent breakthroughs in machine learning to characterize the diversity, individuality and commonality of neural circuits (the connectome) supporting cognitive function across the lifespan. It will then conduct large-scale (~10,000 individuals) online behavioral experiments to identify connections between individual behaviors, decisions and group behaviors during a Public Goods Game. The experiments will measure individual proclivity towards cooperation and the social welfare obtained by cooperation, leading to potentially transformative insights into the emergence of cooperation within groups via individual behaviors. The resulting first-of-its-kind dataset may become a very valuable resource to the research community. Large-scale simulations based on statistical models estimated from this and the assembled neuroimaging datasets will then assess the direct or indirect relationships between individual connectomes and cooperation in group settings, and will elucidate the role of group processes in amplifying or ameliorating individual differences towards collective outcomes. Findings from this project may have a transformative impact on the scientific community's currently incomplete understanding of how individual brains shape societal behavior via cognitive, social, and interactive mechanisms.This project is part of the National Science Foundation's Harnessing the Data Revolution (HDR) Big Idea activity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.