Dimensions US-China: Collaborative Research: Quantifying the Impact of Eutrophication on the World's Grassland Soil Microbial Biodiversity and Functioning

维度 中美：合作研究：量化富营养化对世界草地土壤微生物生物多样性和功能的影响

• 批准号: 2129235
• 负责人: Jizhong Zhou
• 金额: $ 125万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129235&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; US; China; Collaborative; Research

Human activities are increasing the amount of biologically limiting nutrients, such nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), flowing into ecosystems on every continent, and this increased nutrient supply is causing dramatic impacts such as biodiversity loss. Microbes comprise most of the biodiversity on earth, and the diversity of microbes in the soil is a critical link in maintaining the health of our ecosystems. However, we have little understanding of how alteration of global nutrient supplies are affecting soil microbial diversity. The proposed work will quantify how increased nutrient supplies affect soil microbial diversity and how these changes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems around the world. The research will leverage a worldwide network of scientists, the Nutrient Network (NutNet), who are replicationg an identical nutrient-addition experiment at more than 100 grassland sites across 26 countries. Using this global research platform, this project will explore different ‘diversities’ of the soil microbes by counting their idenities (taxonomic diversity, TD), their evolutionary relationships (phylogenetic diversity, PD), the genes encoded in their DNA (genetic diversity, GD), and what they are doing (functional diversity, FD). The scientists on this research team will not only determine how these different dimensions of diversity respond to the nutrient change but also why they are changing. Are microbial communities changing because some microbes can grow better (abiotic filtering), compete or cooperate with other microbes or plants (biotic interactions), or are good or bad at migration (dispersal), or appear by chance (drift)? This project will develop new mathematical models to predict how nutrients change the diversity of soil microbes and their functions in different regions in the future. Broader impacts of this project include (i) increased public engagement and literacy in STEM via K12 education that will reach over 4,000 K-12 students including from under-served schools using NutNet plots set up for education at Cedar Creek and activities at Oklahoma; (ii) enhanced research infrastructure of the global NutNet collaboration, which benefits the greater research community via published data, provision of samples, and space for additional projects; and (iii) advanced training in international cross-disciplinary collaboration for project post-docs and students, that will generate a more competitive workforce to engage in systems-level problem solving for agriculture, environment, ecology and climate research.The project will use high throughput metagenomics technologies and integrative mathematical and statistical modeling to analyze soil grassland microbial diversity responses to experimental eutrophication along global gradients in climate, plant diversity, and edaphic conditions. The research will test theory-based predictions about the responses of soil microbes to nutrient supply across scales of space and time, generating novel insights into: (i) global patterns of soil microbial biodiversity (TD, PD, GD, FD) along broad gradients of climate, plant diversity, and edaphic conditions; (ii) the context-dependence and interactive effects of N and P supply on grassland soil microbial communities, nutrients, and soil C storage; (iii) the importance of plant, microbe and soil elemental stoichiometry for controlling the responses of microbial biodiversity and functioning to nutrient supply, as well as the role of plant-microbe interactions in mediating plant responses to nutrient addition; (iv) the relative importance of stochastic (e.g., dispersal) and deterministic (e.g., abiotic filtering, biotic interactions) processes controlling responses by each of the dimensions of microbial biodiversity to nutrient addition across global environmental and geographic gradients; (v) the importance of biodiversity and community assembly in controlling soil microbial ecosystem functioning, and the influence of environmental factors (e.g., soil, plant, climate, geography); (vi) potential “biomarkers” (key taxa or genes) of grassland soil functions; (vii) novel metagenomics-enabled ecosystem models for global simulation of grassland soil C dynamics; and (viii) model-inferred impacts of nutrient addition on soil C dynamics across biogeographic gradients in climate, plants and edaphic conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类活动正在增加流入各大洲生态系统的氮（N）和磷（P）等生物限制性营养物质的数量，这种营养供应的增加正在造成生物多样性丧失等巨大影响。微生物构成了地球上大部分的生物多样性，土壤中微生物的多样性是维持我们生态系统健康的关键环节。然而，我们对全球养分供应的变化如何影响土壤微生物多样性知之甚少。拟议的工作将量化增加的营养供应如何影响土壤微生物多样性，以及这些变化如何影响世界各地草原生态系统的功能。该研究将利用全球科学家网络NutNet，该网络正在26个国家的100多个草原站点复制相同的营养添加实验。利用这个全球研究平台，该项目将通过计算土壤微生物的多样性（分类多样性，TD），进化关系（系统发育多样性，PD），DNA中编码的基因（遗传多样性，GD）以及它们的功能（功能多样性，FD）来探索土壤微生物的不同“多样性”。这个研究小组的科学家不仅要确定这些不同的多样性维度如何对营养变化做出反应，还要确定它们为什么会发生变化。微生物群落的变化是否是因为某些微生物可以生长得更好（非生物过滤），与其他微生物或植物竞争或合作（生物相互作用），或者是迁移（扩散）或偶然出现（漂移）？该项目将开发新的数学模型，以预测未来养分如何改变不同地区土壤微生物的多样性及其功能。该项目的更广泛影响包括：（i）通过K12教育提高公众参与STEM的程度和识字率，这将覆盖4,000多名K-12学生，包括来自服务不足的学校的学生，这些学生使用在雪松溪为教育设立的NutNet地块和在俄克拉荷马州开展的活动; ㈡加强全球NutNet合作的研究基础设施，通过公布数据、提供样本，为更多项目提供空间;以及（iii）为项目博士后和学生提供国际跨学科合作方面的高级培训，这将产生一支更具竞争力的劳动力队伍，从事农业，环境，该项目将使用高通量宏基因组学技术和综合数学和统计建模来分析土壤草原微生物多样性对环境的响应，实验性富营养化沿着全球气候梯度、植物多样性和土壤条件。这项研究将测试基于理论的预测，即土壤微生物对养分供应的反应，跨越空间和时间尺度，产生新的见解：（i）土壤微生物生物多样性的全球模式（TD、PD、GD、FD）沿着气候、植物多样性和土壤条件的宽梯度;（ii）氮磷供应对草地土壤微生物群落、养分和土壤碳储量的影响及其相互作用;（iii）植物、微生物和土壤元素化学计量对于控制微生物生物多样性的响应和对养分供应的功能的重要性，以及植物-微生物相互作用在介导植物对养分添加的响应中的作用;（iv）随机（例如，分散性）和确定性（例如，非生物过滤，生物相互作用）过程，控制微生物生物多样性的每个维度对跨越全球环境和地理梯度的营养物添加的响应;（v）生物多样性和群落组装在控制土壤微生物生态系统功能中的重要性，以及环境因素的影响（例如，土壤、植物、气候、地理）; ㈥潜在的“生物标志物”（关键类群或基因）的草原土壤功能;（vii）新的宏基因组学支持的生态系统模型，全球模拟草原土壤碳动态;和（viii）模型推断的影响，养分添加对土壤碳动态跨越地理梯度的气候，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Experimental warming leads to convergent succession of grassland archaeal community

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01664-x
• 发表时间: 2023-05-04
• 期刊: NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: Zhang，Ya;Ning，Daliang;Zhou，Jizhong
• 通讯作者: Zhou，Jizhong